Forks, Washington resident Bella Swan is reeling from the departure of her vampire love, Edward Cullen, and finds comfort in her friendship with Jacob Black, a werewolf. But before she knows it, she’s thrust into a centuries-old conflict, and her desire to be with Edward at any cost leads her to take greater and greater risks.
Tagline: | The Next Chapter Begins. |
Pemain: | Adrien Dorval, Alex Meraz, Anna Kendrick, Ashley Greene, Billy Burke, Bronson Pelletier, Cameron Bright, Charlie Bewley, Chaske Spencer, Christian Serratos, Christina Jastrzembska, Christopher Heyerdahl, Dakota Fanning, Daniel Cudmore, Edi Gathegi, Elizabeth Reaser, Gil Birmingham, Graham Greene, Jackson Rathbone, Jamie Campbell Bower, Justin Chon, Justine Wachsberger, Kellan Lutz, Kiowa Gordon, Kristen Stewart, Michael Adamthwaite, Michael Sheen, Michael Welch, Nikki Reed, Noot Seear, Peter Facinelli, Rachelle Lefevre, Robert Pattinson, Russell Roberts, Taylor Lautner, Tinsel Korey, Tyson Houseman |
Direksi: | Chris Weitz |
Negara: | USA |
Rilis: | |
Bahasa: | English, Italiano |
Anggaran: | $ 50.000.000,00 |
Pendapatan: | $ 709.827.462,00 |
Film Terkait
The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 (2011)
Bill Condon, Jessica LichtnerThe Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 | |
---|---|
Directed by | Bill Condon |
Produced by | Wyck Godfrey Karen Rosenfelt Stephenie Meyer |
Screenplay by | Melissa Rosenberg |
Based on | Breaking Dawn by Stephenie Meyer |
Starring | |
Music by | Carter Burwell |
Cinematography | Guillermo Navarro |
Edited by | Virginia Katz |
Temple Hill Entertainment Sunswept Entertainment | |
Distributed by | Summit Entertainment |
| |
117 minutes[1] | |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $110 million |
Box office | $712.2 million[2] |
The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 (commonly referred to as Breaking Dawn: Part 1) is a 2011 American romanticfantasy film directed by Bill Condon, based on the novel Breaking Dawn by Stephenie Meyer. Constituting the first of a two-part adaptation of the novel, the film is the fourth and penultimate installment in The Twilight Saga film series, and was followed by Breaking Dawn: Part 2 in 2012. All three main cast members, Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson, and Taylor Lautner, reprised their roles.
Wyck Godfrey and Karen Rosenfelt served as producers of the film, along with the author of the series, Stephenie Meyer; the screenplay was written by Melissa Rosenberg, the screenwriter of the first three entries.[3] It was released in theaters on November 18, 2011,[4] and released to DVD on February 11, 2012, in the United States.[5] Although negatively reviewed by critics, the film was commercially successful, grossing over $712 million worldwide.
- 3Production
- 4Marketing
- 4.2Leaks
- 6Reception
- 6.1Box office
Plot[edit]
Bella Swan is preparing for her wedding. During the reception, Jacob Black, who had angrily left town upon receiving an invitation to Bella and Edward Cullen's wedding, returns. While dancing with Jacob in the woods, away from everyone else, Bella admits that she and Edward plan to consummate their marriage on their honeymoon while she is still human. Jake becomes furious, knowing that such an act could kill her. Sam and other pack members restrain Jacob before he phases.
After the wedding, the couple spends their honeymoon on Isle Esme, and they make love for the first time. The next morning, Edward realizes that Bella has numerous bruises and is upset at himself for hurting her, though Bella insists that she enjoyed the experience. Edward swears not to make love again until she becomes a vampire. Two weeks after the wedding, Bella notices her period is late. Alice and Carlisle call Bella asking if she is alright. She replied that she is not completely sure and tells them the news about her pregnancy. Edward, worried, predicts that Bella will not survive the pregnancy. He tells her that Carlisle should remove the baby. She refuses, as she wants to keep her child, and convinces Edward's sister, Rosalie, to act as her bodyguard. They fly back home to Forks, Washington. Though Bella has only been pregnant for two weeks, the baby grows very fast.
Jacob rushes over to the Cullens' house. Bella, now heavily pregnant, is pale and underweight. Jacob, upset, says that they should abort it as soon as possible. Bella says that it is her choice. As her pregnancy progresses, the quality of her health declines, then, as she starts drinking human blood to satisfy the baby's vampiric thirst, improves rapidly. Edward comes to love the baby and manages to read its thoughts, learning that his child loves Bella and Edward's voice.
Bella is sharing her baby names with Edward and Jacob when her backbone suddenly breaks and she collapses. They realize that Bella cannot cope with the pregnancy and the baby is suffocating, so they begin to perform a cesarean section on her. Rosalie starts the procedure, as Carlisle is out getting blood, but due to her hunger, the blood on the blade tempts her greatly. Jacob stops her as Edward picks up the blade and finishes the procedure. Bella, in agony, goes unconscious. After the surgery, Bella wakes up and sees her newborn daughter, and chooses Renesmee as the baby's name, before slowly dying. Jacob and Edward do everything they can to revive her, but nothing works. To save her life, Edward injects Bella's heart with his venom to transform her into a vampire, before biting her neck, arms, and legs. Their attempts appear to fail. Jacob then runs outside of the house to sit and cry. Seth and Leah appear and realize that Bella will not survive and tell the pack. Distraught, Jacob goes back inside and attempts to kill Renesmee, but when they look into each other's eyes, he sees all the future versions of her and decides not to kill her, imprinting her instead.
When the werewolves learn of Bella's 'death', they attack the Cullens' house in an attempt to kill the baby, fearing it would become too great of a threat. Edward, Alice, and Jasper, defend their home with the help of Leah and Seth, and are later assisted by Carlisle, Esme, and Emmett. Jacob then runs outside to stop the fight and phases into his wolf form. Jacob and Sam shortly communicate with each other telepathically. Edward reads Jacob's mind, announcing that Jacob has imprinted on Renesmee, and since the wolves' most absolute law is not to harm anyone who has been imprinted on, they are forced to leave.
Bella is cleaned and dressed. Edward's venom begins to work in her body; her bite marks heal, her broken back and chest repair, and her figure returns to normal. When her eyes open, they are colored blood-red.
In a post-credits scene, Aro and his brothers, Marcus and Caius, receive a letter from Carlisle announcing that the Cullens have a new member of the family. Aro informs his brothers that his feud with the Cullens is not yet over, as they have something he wants.
Cast[edit]
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- Kristen Stewart as Bella Swan, Edward's wife and Jacob's best friend. She marries Edward in this installment and realizes that she has become pregnant with a half-vampire, half-human baby and that her condition is progressing at an unnaturally accelerated rate.
- Robert Pattinson as Edward Cullen, Bella's husband and Jacob's romantic rival. Convinced that the fetus is going to kill Bella, he urges her to abort the pregnancy, but Bella refuses. In the meantime, he and the entire Cullen coven must also fend off Sam and his pack of wolves who believe that their treaty is broken and are on their way to kill Bella and the unborn baby.
- Taylor Lautner as Jacob Black, Bella's best friend and Edward's romantic rival. He was heartbroken over Bella's choice to marry Edward, but he imprints on Bella and Edward's daughter, Renesmee. He is also the great-grandson of a Chief, and the Alpha of the Black Pack.
- Peter Facinelli as Carlisle Cullen, Esme's husband and the patriarch of the Cullen family. He is a doctor and helps Bella during her unnaturally accelerated pregnancy and provides human blood for Bella to drink to maintain her strength.
- Elizabeth Reaser as Esme Cullen, Carlisle's wife and the matriarch of the Cullen family.
- Ashley Greene as Alice Cullen, a member of the Cullen family who can see 'subjective' visions of the future and who is close friends with Bella. She is Jasper's wife.
- Kellan Lutz as Emmett Cullen, the strongest member of the Cullen family. He is Rosalie's husband.
- Nikki Reed as Rosalie Hale, a member of the Cullen family who helps Bella through her pregnancy.
- Jackson Rathbone as Jasper Hale, a member of the Cullen coven who can feel, control and manipulate emotions. He is Alice's husband.
- Billy Burke as Charlie Swan, the Chief of the Forks Police Department, and Bella's father.
- Sarah Clarke as Renée Dwyer, Bella's mother, who remarried to Phil Dwyer.
- Julia Jones as Leah Clearwater, Seth's older sister and the only female werewolf in existence.
- Booboo Stewart as Seth Clearwater, Leah's younger brother and Edward and Jacob's friend.
- MyAnna Buring as Tanya, the leader of the Denali coven.
- Maggie Grace as Irina, a member of the Denali coven whose lover, Laurent, was killed by the werewolves.
- Casey LaBow as Kate, a member of the Denali coven who has the ability to release an electric current over her body.
- Michael Sheen as Aro, Caius and Marcus's brother who has the ability to read every thought a person has ever had once he has made physical contact. One of the three main founders of the Volturi.
- Jamie Campbell Bower as Caius, Aro and Marcus's brother. One of the three main founders of the Volturi.
- Christopher Heyerdahl as Marcus, Aro and Caius's brother who has the power to sense the strength and nature of relationships. One of the three main founders of the Volturi.
- Chaske Spencer as Sam Uley, the Alpha of the main werewolf pack.
- Mackenzie Foy as Renesmee Cullen, Bella and Edward's half-mortal, half-immortal daughter and Jacob Blacks Imprintee.
- Christian Camargo as Eleazar, a member of the Denali coven who has the ability to identify the special powers of other vampires.
- Mía Maestro as Carmen, a member of the Denali coven and mate of Eleazar.
- Olga Fonda as Valentina, a secretary to the Volturi who announces Edward and Bella's wedding. Fonda's scenes were cut in the theatrical release, but they were restored in the extended edition.
- Stephenie Meyer makes a cameo as an attendee of Edward and Bella's wedding.
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Talks for a Breaking Dawn film started after Summit Entertainment approved the second and third adaptations of the franchise, and scheduled the two films to be released six months apart.[6]Wyck Godfrey, producer of the previous films in the series, stated in mid-2009 that they had every intention to make the film version of Breaking Dawn,[7] but Stephenie Meyer, author of the series, explained on her website's Breaking Dawn FAQ that if an adaptation were to be created, it would have to be split into two films because 'The book is just so long!', saying that she would have made the book shorter if it were possible.[8] She also believed it to be impossible to make a film due to Renesmee, writing that an actress could not play her because she is a baby that has complete awareness, 'The one thing that I've never seen is a CGI human being who truly looks real'; however, she did acknowledge the film might be possible due to the quickly-advancing technologies.[8] Moreover, because of the mature and explicit nature of the Breaking Dawn book, fans and critics questioned if the studio would be able to keep a PG-13 rating, noting that the movie should not be rated R for the ever-growing fan base.[9] In March 2010, Variety reported that Summit Entertainment was considering splitting the 754-page book into two films, along the same lines as Warner Bros.' Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.[10] Since under contract for only four films, the status of Stewart's, Pattinson's, and Lautner's contracts were in question, making the possibility of a split unlikely.[10] Producer Wyck Godfrey stated that all three main cast members were signed onto one Breaking Dawn film.[3]
In March 2010, it was announced that Summit was searching for Academy Award-nominated directors to helm the project, with names like Sofia Coppola, Gus Van Sant, and Bill Condon rumored to have been approached to direct.[11] On April 28, 2010, Summit announced that Bill Condon, who directed Dreamgirls, would direct Breaking Dawn; Wyck Godfrey, Karen Rosenfelt, and author Stephenie Meyer would be producing the film. 'I'm very excited to get the chance to bring the climax of this saga to life on-screen. As fans of the series know, this is a one-of-a-kind book—and we're hoping to create an equally unique cinematic experience', said Bill Condon.[12] Condon spoke about Summit approaching him saying, 'The very nice folks at Summit… they sent me the novel. I loved it. I quickly imprinted on the material'.[13] Another reason Condon cited was the desire to collaborate with Stewart.[14] Gus Van Sant later explained that Robert Pattinson mentioning him as the ideal director for Breaking Dawn was what made him audition for the job and described the audition as 'very nerve-wracking'. However, after Condon was hired, Sant suggested that the reason behind not getting hired was his style and way of auditioning being different from what the executive producers were used to.[15]
In June, Summit officially confirmed that a two-part adaptation of the fourth book would start filming in November.[16][17] The first part was released on November 18, 2011, and the second part's release date is set for November 16, 2012.[18]
The Twilight Saga also helped motivate Rosenberg into launching a female-centric production company, Tall Girls Productions: 'The charter of it, if there is one, would be to create some strong roles for women… the female Batman, the female Tony Soprano.' She explained that, despite the fact of the many hours of hard work ahead of her, it is what she wants to do.[19]
After confirming one film, Summit had been keeping their eye on a fifth installment.[4] In May 2010, Billy Burke and Peter Facinelli were the only cast actors who were confirmed for both parts of Breaking Dawn, while other cast members such as Ashley Greene and Kellan Lutz were still in negotiations for a second part. If the actors holding Summit back from making an official announcement did not reach an agreement with them, the studio would not have minded recasting their roles, as was done in The Twilight Saga: Eclipse with Bryce Dallas Howard's character, Victoria.[4] However, in June 2010, Summit officially confirmed that a two-part adaptation of the fourth book would start production and it was made clear that all major actors, including the three lead roles, the Cullen family, and Charlie Swan, would return for both parts. Actresses Christie Burke, Rachel St. Gelais, Sierra Pitkin, and Eliza Faria play Renesmee at her various ages in the film.[20]
Pre-production[edit]
Since the first film was released, fans and critics speculated whether Breaking Dawn would be adapted into a film considering the adult nature of the book. In March 2010, Rosenberg spoke about adapting the book saying, 'It's the big one, it's gonna be a big challenge, and I guarantee you that not all of the fans will be happy, and I guarantee you some of them will be. You have to give up the ideal of making everybody happy, it's just not gonna happen, but you hope you make the majority happy. Again, for that last book it is about taking that specific character Bella on her journey. It's a big journey, it's a massive change for her, and you hope to realize that.'[21] One of the scenes that aroused the speculations that the film would be rated R is the infamous graphic birth scene in the novel. In August, Rosenberg addressed such speculations saying, 'On the fan site, on Facebook, all the comments are 'It has to be R rated! You have to show the childbirth! Gore and guts and sex!' For me it's actually more interesting to not see it. You know, you can do childbirth without seeing childbirth … it doesn't mean it's any less evocative of an experience.'[22] Producer Wyck Godfrey addressed those speculations further saying, 'it would be a crime against our audience to go R-rated' as the core fans of the series are below 18 years old, but insisted that the film is based on a mature book, so more progress and sophistication are needed.[23] To compromise the necessary sophistication in adapting such a mature book and the need for maintaining a PG-13 rating, Rosenberg stated that the scene would be shown from Bella's point of view.[24] Godfrey described it saying, 'She is looking through the haze, experiencing pain and everything rushing around her. We only see what she sees'.[23]
Download Film Twilight Saga New Moon Sub Indonesia
Melissa Rosenberg, writer of The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn, about adapting the book to film[21]
In June, Rosenberg stated in an interview that the decision on where to split the film had not been decided, as she was still in the drafting stage of the scripts.[19] 'I think it comes down to Bella as human and Bella as vampire', she said, hinting at a potential splitting point. She thought that Condon would probably disagree with the statement, explaining that the decision is ultimately up to him.[19] Later in January 2011, Godfrey confirmed that the Part 1 will cover the wedding, honeymoon, pregnancy and birth and ends just before her transformation into a vampire as the filmmakers wanted to 'take the audience through the emotional part of Bella's journey as she becomes a vampire'. Part 2 will follow her transformation, the 'first exhilarating moments' of her vampire life[25] and the final confrontation with the Volturi. Godfrey also confirmed that Part 1 will follow the book's storyline as it breaks away from Bella and switches into Jacob's perspective. 'There is a sense that as Bella and the Cullens (Edward's makeshift vampire clan) deal with her pregnancy, the world is still turning outside with Jacob', he explains.[23] However, in March 2011, Meyer said in interview with USA Today that Part 1 will end when Bella opens her eyes as a vampire.[25]
By August, Rosenberg said that the scripts for Part 1 and 2 were 75 to 85 percent completed. She found the greatest challenge in writing the scripts to be the final sequence of Part 2: 'The final battle sequence is a big challenge because it lasts 25 pages', she said. 'It's almost an entire three-act story in and of itself. You have to track [keep it all in one setting] hundreds of characters. It's an enormous challenge to choreograph on the page and for Bill [Condon] to choreograph on the stage.' She had written various drafts of the scene but, at that, hadn't revised or discussed them with Condon yet. She said, 'That's the next big hurdle to sit down with the stunt coordinator and create the ballet. It's a lot of work. I'm exhausted, but we're intent on making them the best scripts yet.' Godfrey called Part 2 'an action film in terms of life-and-death stakes' and said that in Part 1 'there are the pangs of newlywed tension that occur that are relatable even in a fantasy film. Marriage is not quite the experience that they thought it was.' Condon thought of Part 1 'as a real companion piece to Catherine Hardwicke's movie'. Condon explains, 'Like, everything that got set up there gets resolved here. I think you'll find that there are stylistic and other nods to that film.'
Godfrey considered releasing the second film in 3D to differentiate between the time before and after Bella becomes a vampire,[17] an idea originally proposed for Eclipse, but said that the decision is up to Condon. However, he said that if the second film were to be released in 3D, he would like to shoot it with the proper equipment in 'real' 3D as was done with Avatar (2009), not convert it into 3D in post-production as was done with Clash of the Titans (2010).[26]
Filming[edit]
In order to keep the budget on both parts of Breaking Dawn reasonable, even though it is substantially greater than the previous installments in the series, much of the film was shot in and around Baton Rouge, Louisiana and Celtic Studios in Baton Rouge. Shooting in Louisiana provided larger tax credits, which a small studio like Summit Entertainment would find favorable.[4] Summit announced in a press release on July 9, 2010, that filming was to take place in Baton Rouge, Ucluelet, and Vancouver, with the wedding being shot in Squamish.[27] (Also shot in near by Pemberton, British Columbia.[28]) Both parts will be shot back-to-back as one project.[17] The film will attempt to keep its PG-13 rating, and it will not feature any of the gruesome scenes from the novel[29][30] with Kristen Stewart confirming that the birth scene wasn't as grotesque as described in the book and that she didn't 'puke up blood', though director Bill Condon said that they shot everything as 'powerful and potent as they could'. Though there were many reports of the cast in Whistler, British Columbia, none of the actual filming took place in Whistler itself, but to the north and south of the town in nearby Pemberton (north) & Squamish (south). The Stars were housed in Whistler at 4 and 5 star hotels, the crew in Squamish & Pemberton.[28][31]
Filming officially began on November 1, 2010 in Brazil, with locations in Rio de Janeiro and Paraty, Rio de Janeiro.[32] The first scenes were shot in the Lapa District in Rio de Janeiro for one night. A long city block was rented for shooting, and Summit Entertainment paid residents 50 to 500 reais (30 to 300 U.S. dollars) to not allow paparazzi or fans to overlook filming from their windows. Moreover, owners of bars and restaurants were paid 10,000 and 20,000 reais (6,000 to 12,000 U.S. dollars) to stay closed for the evening to eliminate noise and provide a clear street.[33]
Shooting then moved to Paraty, Rio de Janeiro where the honeymoon scenes were shot. According to Paraty's Tourism Office, filming took place in the Taquari area, near an unidentified waterfall and at Mamangua Bay where a mansion is located.[34] It rained on every day of shooting.[13] In late November, shooting moved to Baton Rouge, Louisiana where most of the indoor scenes were shot on a sound stage[13] and in a house. Stewart had to wear heavy make-up to look thin and ghastly to show Bella through a phase of pregnancy where the baby starts breaking her bones.[35] The birth scene took two nights to shoot[13] after the cast had a long conversation with Meyer, a midwife and a doctor to discuss the mechanics of the scene,[36] particularly to decide the area where Edward should place his mouth to bite into Bella's placenta if this situation could ever occur in real life.[35] An animatronic baby was used to film a few scenes of newborn Rensemee.[37] The cast and crew spent two months of the filming process shooting in a green-screen room on fake snow. Reportedly, a few scenes were also shot in Arsenal Park using green screens.[38]
In late February and early March, filming of most of the exterior shots, along with Bella's vampire scenes, occurred in Canada.[13] The film's first shooting location in Canada was Vancouver. However, the cast and crew were evacuated from the set due to the tsunami advisories resulting from the 9.0-magnitude earthquake that hit Japan on March 11, 2011.[39] Toni Atterbury, a spokeswoman for the film, said that 'the crew was moved to higher ground' as a safety precaution and 'the shoot was delayed for a few hours, but the day's work was accomplished'.[40] Therefore, filming relocated to Squamish, British Columbia, but a few scenes were shot in the Orpheum theater in Vancouver with the Vancouver police covering all the entrances of the theater.[41]
The wedding scene in Part 1 was the last scene the cast and crew shot.[36] It was also shot under tight security. A helicopter hovered above the set, off-duty police officers surrounded the location, and sheets and umbrellas were used to protect the set from aerial shots being taken.[42] Stewart spoke about the wedding at Comic-Con, describing it as 'insane'. She went on to say that it was 'secret service style. The crew was incredibly inconvenienced. No cell phone, etc. They wanted to keep the dress secret.'[13] Concerning the wedding dress, Stewart was locked in a room wearing a Volturi cloak to cover the dress.[13]
Stewart further talked about filming the scene, saying 'I wanted to run down the aisle. I was literally pulling away from Billy Burke. Now it's a trip to watch the wedding scenes. It was so volatile and emotional—I was being such a crazy person.'[36] Condon spoke about it saying, 'The last scene we filmed was the dance scene between Jacob and Bella at the wedding. The last shot is Jacob leaving. I called 'Cut!' and then Kristen yelled, 'Jacob!' and hiked her dress up and started running after him into the woods, saying, 'Come back! Don't leave!'[36]
Filming wrapped—for most of the cast—on April 15, 2011, ending the franchise's three years of production since March 2008.[citation needed] However, on April 22, what is believed to be additional scenes that will fit into the honeymoon sequence were filmed on Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands in the Caribbean,[43] which was officially the last day of shooting.[43] The crew, Stewart and Pattinson were shooting in the sea all day long, then went out for cocktails on the beach and watched the sunrise.[43] On the subject of the final day and her final moment as Bella, Stewart stated, 'After that scene, my true final scene, I felt like I could shoot up into the night sky and every pore of my body would shoot light. I felt lighter than I've ever felt in my life.'[44] Pattinson thought the day was 'amazing'[43] and commented, 'I then asked myself why we didn't do this in those four years. Every difficult moment just vanished.'
Costume design[edit]
In October 2010, it was announced that Michael Wilkinson would be the film's costume designer.[45] However, Bella's wedding dress was designed by someone other than Wilkinson. Meyer's description of the dress was 'a simpler style than the frillier Edwardian stuff. …Elegant white satin, cut on the bias, with long sleeves.'[46] At first, Zac Posen was rumored to be the designer of Bella's wedding dress; however, these rumors proved false when Posen tweeted: 'Heard the Bella/Twilight rumor and it's just that. I design for real women like Kristen Stewart and Anna Kendrick'.[47] In April 2011, Summit announced that Carolina Herrera is the designer of the dress.[48] Stewart described the dress as very tight, but still liked it and thought that 'it was very pretty'.[49] Meyer told USA Today that the dress was 'an interesting mix' and has a 'vintage feel, but at the same time, there's an edge to it'.[25]
Concerning Alice's bridesmaid dress, its designer remains unknown, however it was presumably designed by Wilkinson. Ashley Greene described the dress as 'magical and beautiful' and spoke about the design process, saying, 'We wanted to have all the bridesmaids fit together and also have their own identity. So, we took a little bit of Alice's past and put it into her dress.'[50] Corsets were added to all the cast's wedding dresses, but were removed during filming because the cast felt uncomfortable wearing them while dancing.[50]
Alfred Angelo has been named the exclusive and official licensed manufacturer of Bella's bridal gown. The gown will be a replica of Bella's wedding dress and marketed under the brand Twilight Bridal by Alfred Angelo. It will be revealed in late November 2011, following the release of Part 1, and will be available in Alfred Angelo Signature Stores and independent retailers worldwide.[51]
Post-production[edit]
In October 2010, Condon announced that Oscar-winning visual effects supervisor John Bruno, along with his team, would helm the visual effects for Breaking Dawn, including the effects necessary to show Renesmee in her various stages of life in Part 2.[45] Later in February, Adam Howard was added to the Breaking Dawn visual effects team to help create the visual effects for Renesmee, due to his notable work on a similar issue in The Social Network.[52] Condon revealed that Mackenzie Foy's face and expressions will be placed digitally on the bodies of the other actresses playing the same character through her various stages of life.[53] Condon spoke about the process saying, 'Sometimes it was hard because the other actresses were actually just there. It was always going to be just Mackenzie's expressions and things like that, so it was a very specific technical thing that even I was learning as we did it. But I have to say, they were real troopers these girls.'[53] Furthermore, special effects were also used to illustrate the invisible powers and forces between the vampires in the final battle sequence of Part 2.[14]
Montreal-based Modus FX created subtle CG effects for Part 1. It created stylized effects to emphasize the supernatural capabilities of the main characters without making them too obvious or noticeable.[54] A team of 12 artists spent six weeks working on the film. Shots included creating the belly of a pregnant Bella, removing a wrist brace Stewart was wearing in the wedding scene due to an injury, and a variety of subtle cosmetic refinements. Bella's pregnancy was a challenge for Modus; the production team wanted the baby to kick and move around inside her belly, so the artists and cinematographer had to match the camera moves, the lighting, even the film grain, along with the subtleties of Stewart's skin.[54] On the subject, CG supervisor Martin Pelletier said,
For this project, we had to be really quick in terms of turn around. We made use of very complex lighting from the set, adding 3D layers, and a matchmove of her stomach, to make her look pregnant. We took our time at the start to get the recipe right and that paid off in efficiency once we got going. We were soon able to turn around several shots each day.[54]
During the wedding scene, the camera pans around Pattinson and Stewart. Due to a minor wrist injury Stewart had, she was wearing a brace on the day of the shoot. Therefore, Modus was required to create a CG model of the hand and then carefully craft a rig to create natural motions. Once that was finished, every minute movement of the hand had to be matched exactly.[54] The rotational panning shot totals 300 frames and called for elaborate camera and object tracking. Modus used subsurface scattering to accurately capture the partial translucence of her skin to make it look more authentic. Pelletier explained that 'tracking was particularly challenging, because when they were shooting it, they weren't thinking about it as an effects shot. There was no camera metadata for the sequence.' The solution was to do a series of careful manual adjustments until the light sources were correctly replicated on the set.[54]
In July, Condon said that the first cut of Part 1 would be finished in a few weeks, but the visual effects were still in development.[14] Godfrey later stated that they were 'very close to locking picture on part one', and that its running time is equal to Twilight, New Moon and Eclipse, therefore approximately two hours.[14] A few weeks later, Godfrey announced that he had seen numerous cuts of the film and called it 'incredibly powerful already. …It definitely captures what the book captures.' Concerning the subject of the MPAA rating, Godfrey said that the studio does not 'have any word yet on the rating', but insisted that it is going to be rated PG-13.[14] Condon discussed the matter further saying, 'I think it's a good challenge because the thing that makes something R is literally showing it and if you give yourself that rule: I'm not gonna show, it's not going to be frontal nudity, no one wants that', and added, 'we're not going to, again, show splattering blood against the walls but it's gonna be very visceral. It actually becomes a fun challenge to make sure you feel like you have the same experience without having to watch something clinical. I think it makes it better.'[53]
Music[edit]
On January 14, 2011, it was announced that Carter Burwell, composer of the first film in the series, will be returning to score both parts of the final installment.[55] The score of Part 1 was recorded in Abbey Road Studios, London in early September. Alexandre Desplat and Howard Shore, the composers of New Moon and Eclipse, respectively, happened to be in London at the time of the recording session and stopped by to visit Burwell.[56]
The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn: Part 1: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released on November 8, 2011.[57] In July, Condon said that they are still under negotiations for the soundtrack and have 15 songs to choose from, but no deals have been signed with any artists. He also hinted that there's a good chance that the cast's musically-inclined members would feature on the soundtrack, which leaves chance to Robert Pattinson, Jackson Rathbone, Booboo Stewart, and Jamie Campbell Bower. American rock band Evanescence expressed interest in landing a song on the Breaking Dawn soundtrack. Will Hunt, the drummer of the band, said, 'I've been screaming for [new song] 'My Heart Is Broken' to land in that, because I think it would fit the story so well.' The lead singer of the band, Amy Lee, agreed, adding, 'I think that would be awesome, actually.' Also notable is the fact that the band had attempted to land songs on the soundtrack of Twilight, but Summit did not approve of the songs they presented.[58] This is the first soundtrack not to feature a song from the band Muse.
On September 22, 2011, it was confirmed that the lead single of the soundtrack is a song by American pop singer Bruno Mars called 'It Will Rain' to be released exclusively on iTunes on September 27.[59]
Marketing[edit]
Promotion[edit]
The teaser poster of Breaking Dawn was released on May 24.[60] After giving fans a sneak peek on June 2, MTV released the first official teaser trailer on June 5, the night of the MTV Movie Awards. It was released online shortly before the awards show began and then made its television debut during the broadcast.[61]
On July 21, Summit held a sold-out Comic-Con panel in Hall H, which held 6,500 fans, promoting Part 1. Condon, Stewart, Pattinson and Lautner attended the panel and answered the fans' questions along with showing them exclusive clips from the film. Cast members arrived early in the morning and signed autographs and posters for the midnight-camping fans and Summit booths offered them Breaking Dawn: Part 1 character trading cards.[62]
Breaking Dawn: Part 1 footage was screened in Empire Movie Con in the UK on August 13.[63] In addition, Alfred Angelo will host a private screening of Part 1 for forty-nine selected fans on November 15 and another screening for twenty friends two days later via sweepstakes.[64]
Leaks[edit]
When the filming started on November 7, 2010 in the Lapa District and Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, leaked set photos and footage videos surfaced online.[65]Summit Entertainment responded to the leaks by removing the photos and videos from YouTube, fansites and gossip websites. On January 13, 2011, scans of a still of Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson in one of their honeymoon scenes in an Entertainment Weekly article ran online, prior to the magazine's official release of the still.[66] On March 31 and April 1, 2011, a mass leak of a 14-second video and numerous low-quality stills hit the Internet resulting to enthusiastic fan reaction and speculations that the film wouldn't be able to maintain a PG-13 rating.[67]Summit Entertainment released an official statement in response to the leaks saying:
As some of you may know, pictures and screen grabs of The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn as a work in progress have leaked on the internet. We are extremely proud of this film and also extremely heartbroken to see it out there at this stage. The film and these images are not yet ready or in their proper context. They were illegally obtained and their early dissemination is deeply upsetting to the actors, the filmmakers and Summit who are working so hard to bring these movies to fruition to you in November 2011 and November 2012.
Please, for those who are posting, stop. And please, though the temptation is high, don't view or pass on these images. Wait for the film in its beautiful, finished entirety to thrill you.
Sincerely,
Stephenie Meyer, Bill Condon, Wyck Godfrey and Summit Entertainment.[68]
Additionally, the first teaser trailer leaked online hours before its debut at the MTV Movie Awards.[69]
Lawsuit[edit]
On August 1, 2011, Summit released a press release announcing the identification of some of the alleged people responsible for the leak of images and video from Breaking Dawn on March 31 and April 1 and the decision to take legal action. Summit claimed that the leak came from Posadas, Argentina, but due to the possibility that other people might be involved in the leak, the investigation is still ongoing. The only person Summit named was a woman called Daiana Santia, resident in Posadas, allegedly being involved in the group that stole the images and footage.[70] Civil action has been filed in the U.S. and Argentina, while criminal action has also been filed in Argentina.[70] Summit hired law firm Keats McFarland & Wilson LLP to search four continents, North America, South America, Europe and Australia, to find the other people behind the leak.[70]
On the other hand, Santia hosted a press conference in her town and denied Summit's claims. She claimed that she only saw the images 'while surfing the Internet'[71] and didn't send them to anyone. She also stated that she didn't log in anywhere to see them and denies having the technical knowledge of hacking, specifically saying that she 'in no way be considered a 'hacker' because [she] has no computer skills other than simple user level'.[72] Her attorney confirmed that Santia and her family are considering a counterclaim against Summit due to defamation of character and continual harassment by the film's producers who kept requesting that she would let them check her computer to see if she still has the images on her hard disk, although she refused more than once claiming that she is innocent and her computer contains personal items. Her attorney called the situation 'a harm to privacy and personal right'.[72]
Summit's official response to the press conference said, 'First and most important this is NOT about greed or the Studio wanting to bully a woman from a small town in Argentina—rather, it is about stolen material that is private and sensitive which was obtained by illegally accessing private/secure servers as well as personal email accounts.' Summit gave details about the case stating that the studio has been in contact with Santia since May 2011, but 'with no resolution or further good faith efforts on their part, thus the only alternative left was to pursue legal action to ascertain that Ms. Santia no longer holds the images and video in any shape or form'.[73]In the response, Summit announced the following claims:
Specifically on June 8, 2011, Ms. Santia confessed in the presence of her attorney that she accessed servers and email accounts via a systematic attack—stealing photographs, unfinished images and video footage over several months. Additionally there is indisputable evidence linking her directly to IP addresses that were used in the unauthorized access. Her actions appear to be premeditated and not done on a whim, but rather using technology and tactics that require thought as well as time and skill. Because Ms. Santia decided that she does not want to cooperate, Summit has been unable to settle this matter privately with Ms. Santia and her representatives in Argentina.[73]
Home media[edit]
According to the entertainment site MovieWeb, the DVD and Blu-ray Disc for Part 1 was made available to purchase on February 11, 2012. Both editions include bonus features such as Bella and Edward's wedding video, fast-forwarding to favorite scenes, audio commentary with director Bill Condon, and a 6-part 'Making Of' documentary.[74] The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray by Universal Studios.[75] In North American DVD sales, Part 1 has currently grossed $94,845,346 and has sold more than 5,234,876 units.[76]
An 'extended version' was released on March 2, 2013; this version features an additional seven minutes of footage, making the film 124 minutes, including eight additional scenes, two missing scenes, and three alternate scenes.[77]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 grossed $281,287,133 in North America and $430,884,723 in other countries, bringing its worldwide total to $712,171,856.[2] It earned a franchise-best $291.0 million on its worldwide opening weekend, marking the tenth-largest worldwide opening of all time.[78][79] It reached $500 million worldwide in 12 days, a record time for the franchise.[80] It ranks as the fourth-highest-grossing film of 2011 worldwide and the second-highest-grossing film of the franchise.[81] The film is also currently the fiftieth-highest-grossing film of all time.
North America[edit]
Breaking Dawn – Part 1 (which opened on November 18, 2011 in 4,061 theaters) was projected to reap at least $140 million in its opening weekend.[82] The film earned $30.25 million in midnight showings, which was the second-highest midnight gross ever, at the time, behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 ($43.5 million) as well as the highest midnight gross of the franchise, until it was surpassed by The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 2's gross of $30.4 million.[83] On its opening day, the movie topped the box office with $71.6 million (including midnight showings), which is the fifth-highest opening[84] and single-day[85] gross of all time.[86] On its opening weekend, Breaking Dawn – Part 1 claimed first place with $138.1 million, which was the second-highest opening weekend of the film series, at the time, behind New Moon ($142.8 million),[87] as well as the fourth-highest November opening ever behind The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, New Moon, and Breaking Dawn – Part 2.[88] It is also the tenth-highest opening weekend of all time.[89] The movie also had the second-best opening weekend of 2011 in North America behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 ($169.2 million).[90]
It retained first place on its second three-day weekend, declining 70% to $41.9 million, and earned $61.8 million over the five-day Thanksgiving weekend.[91]Breaking Dawn – Part 1 remained No. 1 for a third weekend, marking the best third-weekend gross for a Twilight film ($16.5 million)[92] and the second film of 2011 to top the weekend box office three times, along with The Help.[93] Closing on February 23, 2012, with $281.3 miilion, it is the third-highest-grossing movie of 2011.[94] It is also the fourth-highest-grossing film in the series, only ahead of the first film ($192.8 million).[81]
Markets outside North America[edit]
The film earned $8.9 million in its first two days from five markets.[95][96] By the end of its first weekend, it earned $152.9 million at about 9,950 locations in 54 markets, which was a new franchise high. Its biggest debut was in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Malta with £13,910,877 ($22.0 million), which was a new high for the series. It was also huge in many European and Latin American countries.[78][97] It remained in first place at the box office outside North America for three consecutive weekends.[98][99] With $423.8 million, it is the highest-grossing film of the franchise[100] and the sixth-highest-grossing film of 2011.[101] Its highest-grossing region after North America is the UK, Ireland, and Malta ($48.8 million), followed by Brazil ($35.0 million) and Germany ($33.1 million).[102]
Critical response[edit]
Breaking Dawn – Part 1 received generally negative reviews from critics. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reports that 25% of critics (of the 203 counted reviews) gave the film a positive review with an average rating of 4.36/10, and the site's consensus reads, 'Slow, joyless, and loaded with unintentionally humorous moments, Breaking Dawn Part 1 may satisfy the Twilight faithful, but it's strictly for fans of the franchise.'[103] The review site Metacritic gave the film a 45 out of 100, based on reviews from 36 critics.[104] It is the lowest-rated installment in the franchise, which was previously New Moon. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a 'B+' grade, the audience was 80% female and 60% over 21 years old. Among females only the film received an improved 'A-' grade.[87]
Justin Chang of Variety gave the film a negative review, calling the film 'disappointing'.[105] Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter also gave the film a negative review, calling Part 1 'bloated'.[106] Brent Simon of Screen International called the film 'soapy and melodramatic'.[107]Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian gave the film one star out of a possible five, and referred to it as the next stage of an 'emo-operetta' that 'sweeps us away on a new riptide of mawkish euphoria'.[108]Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film two-and-a-half stars, saying that it is filled with a lot of unanswered questions, but calling Stewart's portrayal of Bella 'pretty good'.[109] The television show Film 2011's Claudia Winkleman gave the film a negative review, calling it 'hilarious'.[110] Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers said Breaking Dawn – Part 1 is 'the worst Twilight movie yet' and thought Taylor Lautner looked like a 'petulant five-year-old'.[111] Mary Pols of Time magazine named it one of the Top 10 Worst Movies of 2011, saying 'this entry, which held within it the teasing promise of explosive consummation, instead delivered soap-opera-level dry humping in high-thread-count sheets', and concluded, 'This was the bloodiest of the Twilight movies but somehow the most bloodless.'[112]
Conversely, Gabriel Chong of 'Movie Exclusive' gave the film four stars out of a possible five, praising the dialogue, wedding and action scenes, and particularly Condon's direction, stating, 'In the hands of a lesser director, the turn of events could very well descend into farce—thankfully then, this movie has found a masterful helmsman in Condon.' He went on to praise Stewart's performance, calling it 'mesmerising' and saying that she 'makes [Bella's] every emotion keenly felt that runs the gamut from joy, trepidation, anxiety, distress and above all quiet and resolute determination.'[113] Mark Adams of Daily Mirror also gave the film four stars out of five and said, 'The Twilight films manage to cleverly blend melodrama with supernatural thrills, and while the film is not without its silly moments and cringeworthy dialogue it does deliver the drama and emotional highs we have come to expect'. He also praised the wedding, describing it as 'beautifully staged', and Stewart's performance.[114] Other positive reviewers from The New York Times and Philadelphia Inquirer said the dialogue was improving and the whole movie played out with style, while being faithful to the book and servicing hardcore fans.[115][116] MSN Entertainment critic Alaina O'Connor gave Condon some praise for bringing 'a certain visual elegance that helps with some of the more-absurd elements of the story.' O'Connor also felt that the film did a good job of 'examining the relationship between Edward and Bella', but felt that the narrative was weak otherwise.[117] The film was also ranked the tenth best film of 2011 by E!.[118]Will Brooker, writing for Times Higher Education, makes the case that Breaking Dawn has a feminist element, stating that it 'reverse(s) the embedded cinematic conventions of male voyeur and female-as-spectacle', and that 'the lack of attention to (Bella) as sex object is remarkable.'[119]
The film also drew both criticism and praise for having what was seen as a pro-life theme. Natalie Wilson, writing for the Ms. magazine blog, described what she saw as the book's 'latent anti-abortion message' as 'problematic from a feminist perspective' and found this element 'heightened, not diminished, in the film', citing scenes in which Rosalie scolds Alice for using the word 'fetus'.[120] Richard Lawson of The Atlantic said that Bella's pregnancy 'serves as the narrative dais from which Meyer, and in complicity Condon and the screenwriter Melissa Rosenberg, delivers a startlingly direct and uncovered anti-abortion sermon', adding 'it seems there was no escaping the firmly anti-choice themes of this leg of the story, and so we must sit and grumble while sickly Bella is scored by plaintive strings as she chooses the one true moral path'.[121] Neil Morris of Independent Weekly said that the film 'takes up a radically pro-life mantle when Bella refuses to abort her baby, even though her life may depend on it'.[122] Sandie Angulo Chen of Moviefone described the 'bulk' of the film as 'one long pro-life debate', in which 'Bella says it's her body, her choice (terms usually used in the pro-choice movement), but her decision is pro-life to the extreme, because the baby can and will kill her'.[123] In contrast, John Mulderig of the Catholic News Service praised the 'strongly pro-life message being conveyed via Bella's unusual plight', saying it 'presents a welcome counterpoint to the all-too-frequent motif in popular entertainment whereby pregnancy is presented as a form of disease or an almost unbearable curse'.[124]
In an interview with Screen Rant, screenwriter Rosenberg addressed the perception of a pro-life message in the film, stating, 'If I could not find my way into it that didn't violate my beliefs (because I am extremely pro-choice very outspoken about it, very much a feminist) I would not have written this move [sic]. They could have offered me the bank and I still wouldn't have. In order to embrace it I had to find a way to deal with it. I also had no interest in violating Stephenie's belief system or anyone on the other side'.[125]
On February 25, Breaking Dawn – Part 1 was nominated for eight Razzie Awards, including: Worst Picture; Worst Prequel, Remake, Rip-Off or Sequel; Worst Screen Ensemble; Worst Director (for Bill Condon); Worst Screenplay; Worst Actor (for Taylor Lautner), and Worst Actress (for Kristen Stewart). The Worst Screen Couple award for Kristen Stewart with either Taylor Lautner or Robert Pattinson was also included. The film lost all categories to Jack and Jill.[126]
Health issues[edit]
A week following the film's release, incidents began occurring of the birthing scene having triggered epileptic seizures in moviegoers. The visual effects during the scene involves several pulsating red, white, and black flashing lights, which creates an effect similar to a strobe light. Reports of such photosensitive seizures have been reported in Sacramento, California, and Salt Lake City, Utah. The incidents have become more widespread as news of the incidents began to flood several news sites, making people aware that health issues that attendees were experiencing might have been caused by the scene.[127][128] Famed comic book artist Jim Leetweeted that he and his family had to leave a screening of the film after 'our 11 year old son literally threw up during the birthing scene.'[129] The people who have experienced seizures during the film are reportedly 'perfectly healthy people'.[130]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
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- ^McCarthy, Todd (November 11, 2011). 'The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1: Film Review'. The Hollywood Reporter.
- ^Simon, Brent. 'The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 | Review | Screen'. Screendaily.com.
- ^Bradshaw, Peter (November 15, 2011). 'The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 – review'. The Guardian. London.
- ^Roger Ebert. 'Roger'. Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved November 17, 2011.
- ^'BBC One – Film 2011 with Claudia Winkleman'. BBC. January 19, 2011.
- ^Travers, Peter (November 17, 2011). 'Breaking Dawn – Part 1' Is the Worst 'Twilight' Yet'. Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 14, 2011.
- ^Pols, Mary (December 7, 2011). 'The Top 10 Everything of 2011 – Breaking Dawn'. Time. Retrieved December 13, 2011.
- ^Gabriel Chong. 'THE TWILIGHT SAGA: BREAKING DAWN PART 1 (2011)'. MovieExclusive.com. Retrieved November 15, 2011.
- ^Mark Adams (November 15, 2011). 'Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – part one: Review – Melodrama, 12A certificate lovemaking and emotional highs'. Daily Mirror. Retrieved November 15, 2011.
- ^Dargis, Manohla (November 17, 2011). 'The Top 10 Everything of 2011 – Breaking Dawn'. New York Times. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
- ^Rickey, Carrie (November 17, 2011). 'I, BELLA, TAKE THIS VAMPIRE'. Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
- ^'The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 (2011) – Critics' Reviews – MSN Movies'. Movies.msn.com.
- ^'Top 10 Movies of 2011'. E!.
- ^Times Higher Education, Undying love and its haters. Retrieved March 20, 2012
- ^Natalie Wilson (November 17, 2011). 'Breaking Dawn: Part 1—An Anti-Abortion Message in a Bruised-Apple Package'. Ms.
- ^Richard Lawson (November 18, 2011). 'Love, Lust, and Loss in Paradise'. The Atlantic Wire.
- ^Neil Morris (November 17, 2011). 'Breaking Dawn: Love it or really, really hate it, Twilight saga continues'. Independent Weekly.
- ^Sandie Angulo Chen (November 18, 2011). 'Is 'Twilight: Breaking Dawn – Part 1' Appropriate For Your Teen?'. Moviefone.
- ^John Mulderig. 'The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1'. Catholic News Service.
- ^Roth Cornet (November 18, 2011). 'Interview: 'Twilight' Scribe Melissa Rosenberg on 'Breaking Dawn' & Feminism'. Screen Rant.
- ^100 days ago by William Earl. ''Breaking Dawn' Nominated For Eight Razzies, Including 'Worst Picture''. Hollywoodlife.com. Retrieved June 6, 2012.
- ^'Twilight 'Breaking Dawn' Scene Allegedly Causing Seizures'. ABC News. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
- ^''Twilight: Breaking Dawn' Causing Seizures in U.S. Moviegoers'. The Hollywood Reporter. November 25, 2011. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
- ^Lamar, Cyriaque (November 26, 2011). 'The 'Twilight' Pregnancy Scene Is Giving Audience Members Seizures'. io9.
- ^Dave Golokhov. 'Twilight Seizures – AskMen Canada'. Ca.askmen.com.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 |
- Official website
- The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 on IMDb
- The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 at Box Office Mojo
- The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 at Rotten Tomatoes
The Twilight Saga: New Moon | |
---|---|
Directed by | Chris Weitz |
Produced by |
|
Screenplay by | Melissa Rosenberg |
Based on | New Moon by Stephenie Meyer |
Starring | |
Music by | Alexandre Desplat |
Cinematography | Javier Aguirresarobe |
Edited by | Peter Lambert |
Temple Hill Entertainment Imprint Entertainment Sunswept Entertainment | |
Distributed by | Summit Entertainment |
| |
130 minutes[1] 138 minutes (Extended cut) | |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $50 million[1] |
Box office | $709.7 million[1] |
The Twilight Saga: New Moon (commonly referred to as New Moon) is a 2009 American romanticfantasy film based on Stephenie Meyer's 2006 novel New Moon. It is the second film in The Twilight Saga film series and is the sequel to 2008's Twilight. Summit Entertainmentgreenlit the sequel in late November 2008, following the early success of Twilight.[2] Directed by Chris Weitz, the film stars Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson, and Taylor Lautner,[3] reprising their roles as Bella Swan, Edward Cullen, and Jacob Black, respectively. Melissa Rosenberg, who handed in a draft of the film script during the opening weekend of Twilight, returned as screenwriter for New Moon as well.[4]
Filming began in Vancouver in late March 2009,[5][6][7] and in Montepulciano, Italy in late May 2009.[8][9] The film was released on November 20, 2009 in most countries, and set domestic box office records as the biggest midnight screening, grossing $26.3 million, which was superseded by its sequel, Eclipse. This led to the highest single-day, domestic gross on an opening day, with $72.7 million,[10] until it was beaten in 2011 by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, which made $91.1 million, by nearly $20 million.[11] Furthermore, New Moon opened with the third-highest domestic opening weekend since 2002 grossing a total of $142,839,137.[10] The film also became the highest-grossing film released by Summit Entertainment, and was the widest independent release, playing in over 4,100 theaters in its theatrical run, until it was surpassed by The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.[12]
New Moon was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on March 20, 2010 through midnight release parties.[13] As of July 2012, the film has grossed $184,916,451 in North American DVD sales, selling more than 8,835,501 units,[14] 4 million of which were sold within its first weekend, beating Twilight's 3.8 million units sold in its first two days.[15] The film was well received by fans,[16] but received generally negative reviews from critics.[17][18]
- 3Production
- 4Distribution
- 5Reaction
Plot[edit]
On her eighteenth birthday, Bella Swan wakes up from a dream, in which she sees herself as an old woman. She expresses her distaste about growing older than her boyfriend, Edward Cullen, a vampire, whose condition caused him to stop aging physically at seventeen. Despite her lack of enthusiasm, Edward's family host Bella a birthday party. While unwrapping a gift, Bella receives a paper cut. Edward's brother, Jasper, becomes overwhelmed by the scent of Bella's blood, and attempts to attack her, but is restrained and taken outside. During the incident, Edward pushes Bella to protect her, but she instead gets a big cut on her arm. Carlisle stitches Bella's cut on her arm. Believing that he and his family put Bella's life in danger, Edward ends their relationship, and the Cullens leave Forks.
Edward's departure leaves Bella depressed and isolated for months. Unable to understand her erratic and despondent actions, her father, Charlie, wants to send Bella to live with her mother in Jacksonville, Florida, thinking it would be best for her, but Bella refuses and decides to spend more time with her school friends. After seeing a movie with Jessica, Bella sees a group of men on motorcycles. This reminds her of when Edward rescued her from a previous assault, and she sees his image. Bella discovers that any thrill-seeking activities she engages in will evoke Edward's preserved image. She is also comforted by Jacob Black, a cheerful Quileute friend who helps to ease her pain over losing Edward. When Jacob suddenly begins avoiding her after getting angry at a movie theater and a rising body temperature, Bella visits him a few days later, and sees that he cut off his long hair and got the Quileute tattoo on his upper right arm. Bella eventually discovers that he, and others of his tribe, are shapeshifters who phase into wolves, and that they are an age-old enemy of vampires, particularly the Cullen family. Jacob's pack members are currently on alert for Victoria, a vampire seeking to avenge the death of her mate, James, who was killed by Edward after James kidnapped and tried to kill Bella. They rescue Bella from Laurent when he tries to kill her. With Jacob busy coming to terms with his new shape-shifting powers, Bella again finds herself alone, and she returns to seeking thrill-inducing activities.
Through a series of miscommunications, Edward believes that Bella has killed herself by jumping off a cliff into the ocean. Distraught, Edward travels to Italy and asks the Volturi (powerful coven who act as vampiric overlords) to kill him, since he is incapable of ending his own life, but they refuse. He then plans to force their hand by exposing himself as a vampire to humans. Alice, Edward's sister, is shocked that Bella is alive, and she also thought she saw Bella's funeral, which was really the funeral of Harry Clearwater after he died from a heart attack. Alice and Bella travel to Italy to save Edward, and arrive just in time to stop him. Alice looks on as Bella jumps into the sunlight, and into Edward, preventing him from being exposed as a vampire. Edward is relieved that Bella's alive and explains to her that he always loved her, and only left to protect her. He also promises never to leave Bella's side ever again. Impressed by Bella's willingness to sacrifice her life for Edward, the Volturi determine that Bella, a human who knows that vampires exist, must either be killed or transformed into a vampire herself. Alice stops them from killing her by sharing her vision, in which Bella and Edward are both vampires with Aro, a Volturi elder who is able to read thoughts through touch. Soon after, the Cullens return to Forks. Bella asks the Cullens to vote on her becoming a vampire, and only Edward and Rosalie say no. Later, Jacob reminds Edward of the treaty the Cullens and Quileutes made years before that the Quileutes will not attack if they don't bite humans, but Bella tells Jacob it's her choice. Jacob and Edward fight, and Jacob phases. Bella stops their fight and Jacob leaves. The movie concludes with Edward telling Bella that he will change her into a vampire once they are married.
Cast[edit]
- Kristen Stewart as Bella Swan, a teenage girl who falls into a deep depression after her true love, Edward Cullen, leaves her. Her friendship with Jacob Black is expanded as she realizes that he can mend the hole left open by Edward.
- Robert Pattinson as Edward Cullen, Bella's vampire boyfriend who abruptly leaves town to protect her.[19][20]
- Taylor Lautner as Jacob Black, a cheerful companion who eases Bella's pain over losing Edward. He reveals to Bella that he is part of a pack of werewolves whose main goal is to protect her from the vampires Laurent and Victoria.[3][21][22]
- Ashley Greene as Alice Cullen, a member of the Cullen family who can see 'subjective' visions of the future and who develops a deep friendship with Bella
- Rachelle Lefevre as Victoria Sutherland, a ruthless vampire who wants to avenge her lover, James[23]
- Billy Burke as Charlie Swan, Bella's father and Forks' Chief of Police[24]
- Peter Facinelli as Carlisle Cullen, leader and father figure of the Cullen family[25]
- Nikki Reed as Rosalie Hale, a member of the Cullen family[26]
- Kellan Lutz as Emmett Cullen, a member of the Cullen family
- Jackson Rathbone as Jasper Hale, a member of the Cullen family who thirsts for Bella's blood after she receives a paper cut. He has the ability to manipulate emotions.
- Anna Kendrick as Jessica Stanley, Bella's self-involved friend[27][28]
- Michael Sheen as Aro, the leader of an ancient Italian vampire coven known as the Volturi[29]
- Dakota Fanning as Jane, a guard of the Volturi who has the ability to torture people with illusions of pain[30][31]
- Elizabeth Reaser as Esme Cullen, Carlisle's wife and the mother figure of the Cullen family[32][33]
- Edi Gathegi as Laurent Da Revin, a vampire who wants to kill Bella, because he thirsts for her blood[34][35]
- Noot Seear as Heidi, who leads the tourists into the Volturi's chamber and urges them to stay together while Demetri leads Bella, Alice and Edward in the opposite direction. Heidi's special ability is to make herself attractive to other people, regardless of species or gender.
- Michael Welch as Mike Newton, Bella's friend who has a crush on her. He joins her on a date with Jacob.[36]
- Chaske Spencer as Sam Uley, Alpha of the Wolf Pack
- Tyson Houseman as Quil Ateara
- Kiowa Gordon as Embry Call
- Alex Meraz as Paul Lahote
- Bronson Pelletier as Jared Cameron
- Graham Greene as Harry Clearwater, A Quileute elder and Charlie's friend
- Gil Birmingham as Billy Black, a Quileute elder and Jacob's disabled father
- Christian Serratos as Angela Weber, Bella's shy but caring friend
- Justin Chon as Eric Yorkie Bella's friend and Angela's boyfriend
- Tinsel Korey as Emily Young, Sam's imprinted fiancée whom he once hurt unintentionally
- Jamie Campbell Bower as Caius, a Volturi elder who is very strict about vampire laws
- Christopher Heyerdahl as Marcus, a Volturi elder who has the gift of seeing the relationship connections between people
- Justine Wachsberger as Gianna, Volturi's human secretary
- Cameron Bright as Alec, Jane's brother who has the ability to cut off senses
- Charlie Bewley as Demetri, a Volturi guard who is a gifted tracker
- Daniel Cudmore as Felix, a Volturi guard who has supreme strength
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
In early November 2008, Summit Entertainment announced that they had obtained the rights to the remaining books in Stephenie Meyer's Twilight series: New Moon, Eclipse, and Breaking Dawn.[37] On November 22, 2008, one day after the theatrical release of Twilight, Summit confirmed that they would begin working on New Moon. 'I don't think any other author has had a more positive experience with the makers of her movie adaptation than I have had with Summit Entertainment,' said Meyer.[38] In early December 2008, it was announced that Twilight director Catherine Hardwicke would not be returning to direct the sequel. Hardwicke cited time restrictions as the reason behind her leaving the project.[39] On December 13, 2008, it was announced that Chris Weitz, director of The Golden Compass and co-director of About a Boy, had been hired to direct New Moon.[40] Weitz released a statement shortly after the announcement, assuring Twilight fans that he would 'protect on their behalf the characters, [the] themes and story they love.' He continued by saying, 'This is not a task to be taken lightly, and I will put every effort into realizing a beautiful film to stand alongside a beautiful book.'[41]
Melissa Rosenberg had been working on adapting the novel prior to Twilight's release[42] and handed in the draft for New Moon during Twilight's opening weekend in November 2008.[4] 'I would sit down at ten o'clock in the morning and work on [the script]… until six o'clock in the evening.'[43] Rosenberg spent the months of October though June 2008 alternating between writing for the Showtime television series Dexter, and writing New Moon on weekends.[43] She and Meyer kept in touch during this five-month period.[43] One of the key changes the screenwriter made while adapting the book was the decision to take Edward's voice in Bella's head and make it visual.[44] This change caused the first confrontation between the two main characters, one an 'apparition', to be emotional.[44] For the screenplay, the four men who Bella approaches needed to create a significant and dangerous situation, and so Rosenberg gave these men motorcycles.[44] 'I added the motorcycles, [mainly] because… they became an important part of [Bella's] relationship with Jacob.'[44]
Casting[edit]
Due to major physical changes that occur in the character of Jacob Black between Twilight and New Moon, Weitz considered replacing Taylor Lautner in the sequel with an actor who could more accurately portray 'the new, larger Jacob Black'.[45] In an attempt to keep the role, Lautner weight-trained extensively and gained approximately 30 pounds.[46] In January 2009, Weitz and Summit Entertainment announced that Lautner would continue to play the role of Jacob in the sequel.[3] In an interview, fellow cast member Kristen Stewart talked about Lautner's transformation saying, 'He's an entirely different person physically.'[47]
In late March 2009, Summit Entertainment released a list of the actors who would be portraying the 'wolf pack' alongside Lautner. The casting for the rest of the Quileute tribe was headed by casting director Rene Haynes, who has worked on films with large Native American casts, such as Dances with Wolves and Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee.[48] A casting call was also held in Vancouver in February 2009, specifically asking for 'any first nations/aboriginal actors and actresses between the ages of 15 and 25'.[49] Referring to the casting of Michael Sheen as Aro, Weitz claims to have 'aggressively' pursued the actor', and describes the character as 'on the surface, a very gracious and friendly vampire, but beneath that he is a tremendous threat.'[29]
Filming[edit]
Pre-production for New Moon began in December 2008.[50] Filming was scheduled to begin on March 23, 2009 in Vancouver,[5][6] but began a few days early.[7] Weitz envisioned a warm color palette for the sequel, contrary to the first film in the series, whose blue tones were prevalent.[51] His intention resulted in golden tones, a change that was inspired by Italian paintings, and ultimately served as the basis for the crew's collaborative work.[51] The approach also included the use of specific colors at certain points in the movie. For example, although Jacob's house is red, the color does not dominate until the climax of the movie. The director noted that, 'The square becomes a flood of red, that's how conscious we were of every visual aspect.'[52]
The use of film, rather than digital, cameras added to the 'old-fashioned' nature of the production.[52] Two main Panavision cameras, a high-speed Arri 435 camera capable of shooting at 150 frames per second, a Steadicam, and VistaVision cameras for visual effect shots were among the equipment used to bring the book to the big screen.[52] As with the use of specific colors, the different cameras and shooting setups would help serve the story points.[52] When Bella was with Edward, the camera was moved on a dolly, in a very rigid, straight line to reflect how their relationship was 'perfect'. When Bella is with Jacob, the Steadicam provided a fluid and organic style; and when she is with her schoolmates, a slangy visual language was reflected by a handheld.[52]
Once the film went into production, the decision to shoot in Vancouver, rather than in Portland, came after debate on how to match the locations that were introduced in the first film.[53] One member involved in the decision process pointed out that Vancouver had been scouted as a potential setting for Twilight, and it was only because the U.S. dollar had, at that time, dropped below the Canadian dollar that Oregon drew Twilight principal photography to Portland and its surrounding areas.[54] Vancouver was chosen because it allowed a higher production value, while the surrounding areas contained beautiful forests and gray weather.[55] With this decision, however, came the issue of reconstructing key sets that were used in the first film. For the exterior of Forks High School, crew members were able to find a parking lot, but the school's steps needed to be filmed with a greenscreen backing to match those that were originally presented in Twilight.[56]David Thompson Secondary School would then be able to serve as the interior for the high school scenes.[57]
The Cullen house was one of the major 'match' assignments, mainly because of the Portland area location's unique design.[56] The production team agreed upon finding a house in the Vancouver area with an interior that emulated the high ceilings, glass walls, and forest surroundings of the first location. One location was positively compared to the one in Portland, and therefore Weitz and the production team filmed portions of the film there.[56] In order to keep with the design of the original house, portions of the story that took place in New Moon were moved to different sections of the house that were not seen before.[56]
After scouting Vancouver for a place to film scenes that involved the Swan house, the decision was made to recreate the house on an empty lot with a tree line and approaching road.[58] The production team was able to rearrange the exterior of the house to match that in the first movie.[58] When faced with creating the interior, the team measured the house in Portland, and built various pieces of the house on the lot and on a stage in Vancouver.[58] The second film also attempted to clarify the location of Bella's room, which, as seen in the first film, seemed to be located in the front of the house, when in reality it was on the right-hand side.[58] Complications arose when the Portland house was repainted after Twilight's release, which took away the aging the house had come to depict in the film. When recreating the house, the production team referenced the first film on high-definition Blu-ray Disc.[58]
As a director, Weitz had the pleasure of introducing and filming on new locations and sets. Of particular interest was the Quileute reservation and Jacob's house.[59] Using the Quileute country in Washington as a basis, the production team decided to place Jacob's house on the edges of the territory, rather than in the community, because of Jacob's attachment to the wolves.[59] To Weitz, Jacob's house was the stepping stone into the forest world, where the reality of the werewolves is hidden. The production designer was faced with a 'real world' versus 'book world' challenge when the barn they located, described in the book as a red barn, was green.[59] Initially bordered by a green fence, the decision of painting the barn, aging it, and renovating the exterior proved to be a layout that fit well with Jacob's character.[59]
After scouting more than twelve possible locations to film scenes that would take place in Volterra, Italy, the scouting team selected the town of Montepulciano, which they believe was the best representation of Meyer's description in the book.[60] Principal photography concluded with the scenes that were filmed in this area from May 25 through the 29.[8][9][61][62] For the face-off between the Volturi and Edward, the idea was to have a bigger 'bang', rather than just the paralysis of Edward.[63] Initially what was a huge battle with vampires being thrown everywhere turned into a one-on-one fight between Felix and Edward, after receiving a stamp of approval from Meyer.[63] The idea quickly changed from the typical outlandish battle, to portraying Edward as an average guy caught in the middle of a bad situation; for Bella, conveying the feeling of being caught in the middle of a group of vampires fighting was important as well.[63] This scene also required special effects, stunt work, and figuring out how to portray vampires fighting at very fast speeds.[63]
Visual effects[edit]
Overseeing the visual effects department for New Moon was Susan MacLeod, who had previously worked with Weitz during the production of The Golden Compass.[64] MacLeod enlisted Tippett Studio to create the computer generated wolves, while Prime Focus of Vancouver handled the effects of the vampires.[64] To prepare for the aggressive task of making the wolves look real, Tippet artists studied wolf culture.[65] They also were able to reflect leadership and human muscle size by adjusting certain features of the wolves, such as their fat and height.[65] In February 2009, a group of artists were able to travel to Wolf Mountain Sanctuary, outside of Los Angeles, and see real wolves.[65] The artists were able to observe the behavior of both the timber and arctic wolves, who ran in packs of three to five. The idea was to give everyone a deeper feeling of the creature that they were creating.[65]
MacLeod explained that creating the shape-shifting werewolves was not an easy task.[66] The wolf work included shooting 'plates', or photographic imagery into which CG creations are integrated. Since the book described the wolves as being as big as horses, full-scale aluminum and board wolf cutouts were used as a visual reference for both actors and crew members.[66] Once the actors had a reference, the cutouts would be removed allowing the cameras to capture the scene.[66] In order for the CG wolves to be in sync with the live action cameras and actors' movements, the team used match movers, a land surveying tool that recorded the shooting location's topography with reference marks.[66]
A raw 3D model of Jacob's wolf was the basis for creating the others.[67] A muscle system, which gave the appearance of muscles firing and flexing, contributed to this model. From there, the initial fur layout went to painters who were responsible for its color and groom.[67] They also added characteristics, such as wet hair clumping together, and applied it to the fur. They refined this look before passing it off to the lighting and technical directors.[67]
One challenge for the production team was how to convey Bella's depression once Edward departs. In the novel, these pages were filled with the names of the passing months, and in the movie, would be represented as a visual effects shot with a camera circling around Kristen Stewart.[58] The window that was used for the original film did not quite fit what Weitz was looking for, so the production team created a bay window when recreating the Swan house.[58] The effect was one of the 300 visual effects helmed by Prime Focus led by visual effects supervisor Eric Pascarelli. It required matching two camera shots: one that shot the actress in a chair, and the other shooting the view outside the window as seen from the house built on location.[58] Using a greenscreen, Prime Focus was able to enhance the changing of seasons with computer-generated leaves and falling snow.[58]
Music[edit]
The score for New Moon was composed by Alexandre Desplat[68] while the rest of the soundtrack was chosen by music supervisor Alexandra Patsavas, who also produced the Twilight soundtrack.[69]The Twilight Saga: New Moon: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released on October 16, 2009,[70] by Patsavas' Chop Shop label, in conjunction with Atlantic Records.[69] It debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 albums chart,[71] and climbed to number one a week later after selling 153,000 copies in its first full week of release.[72]
Distribution[edit]
Marketing[edit]
In February 2009 it was announced that the franchise would take the name The Twilight Saga with the book's title separated by a colon, though the title that appears on-screen is simply New Moon.[73] The first promotional poster was released on May 19, 2009.[74] On May 31, Robert Pattinson, Kristen Stewart, and Taylor Lautner revealed the film's first trailer at the MTV Movie Awards.[75] Following the release of the trailer, two scenes from the film were presented at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con.[76] A 14-second preview of the second trailer was released online on August 12, 2009, and the full-length trailer was featured before theater showings of the film Bandslam.[77] The film's third trailer was shown at the MTV Video Music Awards on September 13, 2009.[78]Spike TV also aired a new trailer at the 2009 Scream Awards on October 27, 2009.[79]
American Idol finalist Allison Iraheta hosted an 8-minute block prior to the showing of the film in over 1,200 theaters across the United States, where she talked about her upcoming album and played some tracks, including 'Friday I'll Be Over U', 'Pieces', and 'Trouble Is'.[80] In addition, prior to the film's release, author Stephenie Meyer made an appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show to promote the film.[81]
Release[edit]
Many theater showings sold out as early as two months prior to New Moon's release date.[82] The film set records for advance ticket sales, causing some theaters to add additional showings.[83] The film is also the biggest advance ticket seller on Fandango, surpassing Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith.[84]New Moon accounted for 86 percent of Fandango's online ticket sales the weekend before the film was released,[83] and its total morning ticket sales on November 20, 2009 are estimated to total $13.9 million.[83]
Home media[edit]
Various midnight release parties were held to help promote the film's DVD and Blu-ray Disc release on March 20, 2010, in the United States and on March 22, 2010, in the United Kingdom.[13][85] Special features include an audio commentary by director Chris Weitz and editor Peter Lambert, a behind-the-scenes documentary, and music videos.[13] Unlike the DVD and Blu-ray Disc versions, the Ultimate Fan Edition DVD includes a 7-minute first look at the sequel, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.[86] Within its first weekend of release in the U.S., the film sold over 4 million units, beating Twilight's 3.8 million units sold in its first two days.[87] In North American DVD sales, the film has currently grossed $185,166,822 and has sold more than 8,864,541 units.[14]
Reaction[edit]
Box office[edit]
New Moon set records as the biggest midnight opening in domestic (United States and Canada) box office history, grossing an estimated $26.3 million in 3,514 theaters.[88] The record was previously held by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, which grossed $22.2 million domestically during its midnight premiere.[88] In 2010, the following sequel, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, broke New Moon's record with $30 million in over 4,000 theaters[89] but surpassed by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, which made $43.5 million in 2011.[90] The film grossed $72.7 million on its opening day domestically, becoming the biggest single-day opening in domestic history, beating The Dark Knight's $67.2 million.[10] This opening strongly contributed to another record—the first time that the Top 10 films at the domestic box office had a combined gross of over $100 million in a single day.[91] The record was later broken in 2011 by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, which made $91.1 million.[11]
New Moon's opening weekend is the ninth-highest opening weekend in domestic history with $142,839,137[92] and also is the tenth-highest worldwide opening weekend with $274.9 million total.[93] At the time of its release, the film achieved the highest weekend debut in November, breaking Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire's record[94] ($102.7 million) until The Hunger Games: Catching Fire surpassed it with $158.1 million.[95] With an estimated budget of just under $50 million, it is the least expensive movie to ever open to more than $200 million worldwide.[96] On Thanksgiving weekend, the film grossed $42.5 million, and including Wednesday and Thursday ticket sales, grossed $66 million. It has earned $230.7 million in total since opening last week, 22% more than the previous film grossed in its entire theatrical run. Internationally, the film grossed roughly $85 million over the weekend, adding up to a total worldwide gross of $473.7 million in 10 days.[97] In its third weekend New Moon grossed $15.7 million in the domestic market[98] and another $40.7 million internationally for a worldwide gross of $570.1 million. In its fourth weekend, the film dropped down to #4 with an estimated $10 million, bringing its domestic total to $296,623,634.[99]
Critical response[edit]
New Moon received generally negative reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 28% of 225 critics gave the film a positive review, with a rating average of 4.69/10. The site's general consensus is that 'The Twilight Saga's second installment may satisfy hardcore fans of the series, but outsiders are likely to be turned off by its slow pace, relentlessly downcast tone, and excessive length.'[100] On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 reviews from film critics, the film has a rating score of 44 based on 32 reviews.[17] Audiences polled by Cinemascore gave the film a 'A-' grade.[101]
Robert Ignizio of the Cleveland Scene described the film as an 'entertaining fantasy', and noted that it 'has a stronger visual look [than Twilight] and does a better job with its action scenes while still keeping the focus on the central love triangle.'[102] Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post gave the film four-and-a-half stars out of four, praised Kristen Stewart's performance in the film and wrote, 'Despite melodrama that, at times, is enough to induce diabetes, there's enough wolf whistle in this sexy, scary romp to please anyone.'[103] The Seattle Post-Intelligencer gave the film a 'B' grading and said, 'the movie looks tremendous, the dialogue works, there are numerous well placed jokes, the acting is on point.'[104]
Time Out New York gave the film 4 stars out of 5, calling it 'acceptable escapism for those old enough to see it yet still young enough to shriek at undead dreamboats.'[105] Jordan Mintzer from Variety stated, 'Stewart is the heart and soul of the film', and added that she 'gives both weight and depth to dialogue…that would sound like typical chick-lit blather in the mouth of a less engaging actress, and she makes Bella's psychological wounds seem like the real deal.'[106]
British film critic Mark Kermode gave the film a positive review, saying, 'After an initial 20-minute dip, when I thought, 'This is actually going to be two hours of mopey-mopey,' I thought it found its feet.' He also excused the film's characterization of Taylor Lautner's character, saying, 'The sight of the buff, young guys running through the forest with their tops off was slightly smirk-inducing. But it's fine. They know what their target-audience is.' [107]
Mick Lasalle from the San Francisco Chronicle responded with a more mixed review, stating, '[E]xpect this film to satisfy its fans. Everybody else, get ready for a bizarre soap opera/pageant, consisting of a succession of static scenes with characters loping into the frame to announce exactly what they're thinking.'[108]Digital Spy gave the film 2 stars out of 5, praising Kristen Stewart for 'carrying the film on her shoulders and, once again, bringing plenty of soul to a character who might otherwise come across as self-indulgent', but was critical of its lack of action, ultimately calling it 'a draining experience'.[109]Roger Ebert gave the film 1 star out of 4 and said that it 'takes the tepid achievement of Twilight, guts it, and leaves it for undead.'[110]Richard Roeper graded New Moon with a C− and called it a 'plodding, achingly slow, 130-minute chapter in the saga'.[111]
Accolades[edit]
Since its release, New Moon has received several nominations and awards. In March 2010, the film received the ShoWest Fandango Fan Choice Award for 2009's Best Movie.[112] At the 2010 Empire Awards, Pattinson was nominated for Best Actor and Anna Kendrick was nominated for Best Newcomer,[113] the film won the award for Best Fantasy Film, while Pattinson won an award for Best Performance.[114] At the 2010 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards, the film was nominated for Best Movie, but lost to Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel, Lautner won an award for Favorite Movie Actor, and Jacob and Bella, who were also nominated alongside Edward and Bella, won an award for Best Couple.[115][116] At the 2010 MTV Movie Awards, Pattinson, who was nominated alongside Stewart and Lautner, won the award for Global Superstar; the Best Male Performance award was also given to Pattinson, who was, again, nominated against Lautner. Stewart and Pattinson won the award for Best Kiss, while New Moon won the award for Best Movie.[117] For the 2010 Teen Choice Awards, held on August 8, the film and its actors were given a combined total of ten nominations, eight of which the film won, and three separate awards going to The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.[118][119][120] In addition, the film was nominated for Best Horror Film and Taylor Lautner was nominated for Best Performance by a Younger Actor at the 36th Saturn Awards, but lost to Drag Me to Hell and Saoirse Ronan, respectively.[121] Lautner was also nominated for Best Performance in a Feature Film – Leading Actor at the 2010 Young Artist Awards.[122] However, it was nominated for four Razzies: Worst Supporting Actor (Robert Pattinson), Worst Screen Couple (Kristen Stewart and either Taylor Lautner or Robert Pattinson), Worst Prequel, Remake, Rip-off or Sequel, and Worst Screenplay.[123]
Sequel[edit]
In February 2009, Summit Entertainment scheduled a film adaptation of Eclipse, the third novel in the Twilight series, for release on June 30, 2010.[124] Weitz would not be able to direct the third film of The Twilight Saga as it would be filming while New Moon would be in post-production.[125]David Slade was therefore confirmed as the director of The Twilight Saga: Eclipse on April 22, 2009.[126]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
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|title=
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External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Twilight Saga: New Moon |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Twilight series. |
- The Twilight Saga: New Moon on IMDb
- The Twilight Saga: New Moon at AllMovie
- The Twilight Saga: New Moon at Metacritic
- The Twilight Saga: New Moon on Facebook
- The Twilight Saga: New Moon at Box Office Mojo
- The Twilight Saga: New Moon at Rotten Tomatoes
Author | Stephenie Meyer |
---|---|
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Series | Twilight series |
Genre | Young adult, Fantasy, Romance |
Publisher | Little, Brown |
Publication date | August 7, 2007 |
Media type | Print (Hardcover, Paperback) e-Book (Kindle) Audio Book (CD) |
Pages | 629 |
ISBN | 978-0-316-16020-9 |
OCLC | 124031725 |
LC Class | PZ7.M5717515 Ec 2007 |
Preceded by | New Moon |
Followed by | Breaking Dawn |
Eclipse is the third novel in the Twilight Saga by Stephenie Meyer. It continues the story of Bella Swan and her vampire love, Edward Cullen. The novel explores Bella's compromise between her love for Edward and her friendship with shape-shifter Jacob Black, along with her dilemma of leaving her mortality behind in a terrorized atmosphere, a result of mysterious vampire attacks in Seattle.
Eclipse is preceded by New Moon and followed by Breaking Dawn. The book was released on August 7, 2007, with an initial print run of one million copies,[1] and sold more than 150,000 copies in the first 24 hours alone.[2]Eclipse was the fourth bestselling book of 2008, only behind Twilight, New Moon, and Breaking Dawn. A film adaptation of the novel was released on June 30, 2010.[3]
Eclipse received generally positive reviews. Critics noted its exploration of more mature themes than those of its predecessors, while praising the novel's love triangle and plotting.
- 4Release
- 5Publication and reception
Plot summary[edit]
The story begins with the revelation that Seattle, Washington is being plagued by a string of murders, which Edward suspects is caused by a new vampire that is unable to control its thirst for human blood. As Edward and Bella apply to colleges, Bella explains to Edward her desire to see her friend, Jacob Black, a werewolf. Although Edward fears for her safety, Bella insists that neither Jacob nor his werewolf pack would ever harm her, and she begins visiting him occasionally. On one of these visits, Jacob tells Bella that he is in love with her, and wants her to choose him instead of Edward, but Bella says she just sees him as a friend. Meanwhile, Alice Cullen has a vision that Victoria, a vampire who is hunting Bella for revenge for the death of James, has returned to Forks. Alice takes Bella away against her wishes for a sleepover. During the sleepover, Bella learns more of Rosalie's past that led to her eventual transformation to a vampire and her real reasons for treasuring humanity. While being a vampire is still her wish, Bella eventually agrees to rethink her decision. A few days later, Edward proposes to Bella and, despite harboring an aversion to marriage, she accepts on the condition that he will make love to her while she's human.
Bella and the Cullens soon realize that the Seattle murders are being committed by an 'army' of newborn vampires, controlled by Victoria. The Cullens join forces with the werewolf pack to combat this threat, after failing to get their longtime allies, the Denali Coven to help them. As everyone else prepares for battle, Edward, Bella and Jacob camp in the mountains, hidden during the battle, where they are later joined by Seth Clearwater, a young wolf pack member, to wait out the fight.
In the morning, Jacob becomes upset when he overhears Edward and Bella discussing their engagement and threatens to join the fight and get himself killed. Bella stops Jacob by kissing him, and she comes to realize that she is in love with him as well. During the battle, Victoria tracks Edward's scent to Bella's forest hiding place, and Edward is forced to fight. Edward manages to kill Victoria and her vampire army is destroyed by the Cullens. Afterwards, Bella explains to Jacob that while she loves him, her love for Edward is far greater. The book ends with Bella proceeding to tell Charlie of her intentions to marry Edward.
The epilogue reveals that Jacob is heartbroken and has run away in his wolf form. Leah feels sympathy for him, since she had gone through a similar heartbreak with Sam, and reveals her own disgust and hatred for Bella.
Development, inspirations and influences[edit]
Meyer finished the rough draft of Eclipse before the release of Twilight in October 2005; however, she said that the final manuscript did not differ much from the rough draft.[4] Originally, the book had a different ending when Eclipse was intended to be the final book in the series, as Meyer was signed to a three-book deal with Little, Brown and Company.[5] Meyer stated that the events of Eclipse are centered on Bella's choice to become a vampire and fully comprehending the price she has to pay to undergo the transformation, which she didn't understand in Twilight and New Moon. She said that 'every aspect of the novel revolves around this point, every back story, every relationship, every moment of action.'[5]
According to Meyer, the book was inspired and influenced by Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë, although she does not like the book. She said that characters of the book fascinate her and she enjoys reading certain parts, but does not enjoy the book as a whole because she finds it very depressing—an opinion expressed by Edward in Eclipse. When comparing Edward and Jacob to Heathcliff and Edgar Linton of Wuthering Heights, she said, 'You could look at Edward and Jacob from one perspective and say: Okay, this one is Heathcliff and this one is Edgar. And someone else might say: No, wait a second. Because of this reason and that reason, that one is Heathcliff and the other one is Edgar...I like that confusion, because that's how life is.'[4] In August 2009, The Telegraph reported that HarperCollins' Wuthering Heights edition—which has a 'gothic' cover similar to the Twilight covers—has sold more than 10,000 copies since May of that year, more than twice as many as the traditional Penguin Classics edition, and topped the newspaper's classic books chart for the first time due to Meyer referencing the novel.[6]
Cover[edit]
The book jacket features a torn red ribbon. Although it was supposed to be disclosed to the public in May 2007 at the Eclipse Prom, Barnes & Noble and Meyer's official website premiered the newly released cover in March 2007, along with a preview summary of the book's plot.[7]The broken ribbon represents choice, as in the book Bella must choose between her love for the vampire Edward Cullen and her friendship with the werewolf Jacob Black. Meyer also stated that the ribbon represents the idea that Bella is unable to completely break away from her human life.[8] Movie tie-in covers featuring Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson, and Taylor Lautner who portray Bella, Edward, and Jacob, in the feature film, were released in May 2010.[9]
Release[edit]
Marketing campaigns[edit]
A few months prior to the release of Eclipse, Meyer hosted an 'Eclipse Prom' event at Arizona State University with the help of a local bookstore and ASU's English department. The tickets sold out in seven hours, resulting in Meyer holding a second prom on the same day for which tickets sold out within four hours.[10] At the event, Meyer read the first chapter of Eclipse, which was released in the special edition of New Moon that same day. In addition, Meyer embarked on a 15-city tour to promote the book.[11] She also released the first chapter on her website and posted a 'Quote of the Day' from the novel on each of the 37 days leading up to its release.[12]
Prior to the book's release, Meyer also made an appearance on Good Morning America.[13]
Early release[edit]
On July 25, an incident similar to the early release of the seventh Harry Potter book occurred with shipments of Eclipse.[14] Barnes & Noble Booksellers accidentally shipped advance copies of Eclipse to some of the customers who had pre-ordered.[15]
![Saga Saga](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d7/Eclipse_Theatrical_One-Sheet.jpg/220px-Eclipse_Theatrical_One-Sheet.jpg)
To prevent any spoilers from popping up online, many fansite forums for the Twilight series were shut down.[16] Stephenie Meyer also locked her MySpace comments in an attempt to avoid spoilers.[15] In an open letter to the fansite the Twilight Lexicon, Meyer pleaded with these 'lucky readers' to keep the ending to themselves until the rest of the Twilight fans had the chance to read and enjoy Eclipse as well.[16]
Publication and reception[edit]
Sales[edit]
Eclipse was published with an initial run of one million copies[13] and sold 150,000 copies in its first day of release.[2] The book knocked J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows off the top of bestseller lists around the globe, including The New York Times Best Seller list, even though Deathly Hallows had been released only two and a half weeks earlier.[17]Eclipse peaked at #1 on USA Today's top 150 best sellers list and went on to spend over 100 weeks on the list,[18] and was later ranked #45 on their list of the best-selling books of the last 15 years in October 2008.[19]Eclipse was the fourth bestselling book of 2008, only behind Twilight, New Moon, and Breaking Dawn,[20] and the second bestselling of 2009 behind New Moon.[21] It also ranked #1 on Publishers Weekly's list of 'Bestselling Hardcover Backlist Children's Books' in 2008 with over 4.5 million copies sold.
Critical reception[edit]
Eclipse received mostly positive reviews. Anne Rouyer of School Library Journal gave the novel a positive review and said that, 'Meyer knows what her fans want: thrills, chills, and a lot of romance, and she delivers on all counts.' Rouyer also thought that as in the two previous installments, 'it is Meyer's effective and intense portrayal of first love in all its urgency, passion, and confusion that drives the story along with the supernatural elements coming in a close second', and said that the 'injection of heightened sexual tension and sensuality that hasn't been present in the series before' contributed well to the emotional atmosphere of the novel. However, she found that the werewolves' and vampires' histories slowed the book's pace and called the newborn army's story a 'convoluted add-in', while noting that they 'contribute in some way to Bella's epiphanies about her future.'[22] Katie Trattner of Blogcritics praised the characters and their development throughout the novel, particularly the histories of Rosalie and Jasper—contradicting Rouyer—stating, 'The history that formed them and their reactions towards Bella become clear and the characters much more solid because of this knowledge. I think that is part of the appeal of these books—the fact that you do become so wrapped up in the characters, that they touch places deep inside yourself.' She commended Meyer for painting a good emotional image, as well as Bella's emotional growth, and went on to say that she 'writes so fluidly and propels the reader forward so effortlessly.'[23] Selby Gibson-Boyce of Tulsa World wrote, 'I read without stopping until I finished. Meyer's book would not detach itself from my hand. Exactly the same thing happened with Twilight and New Moon.'[24]Publishers Weekly wrote, 'The legions of readers who are hooked on the romantic struggles of Bella and the vampire Edward will ecstatically devour this third installment of the story', while noting that, 'it's unlikely to win over any newcomers.'[25]Kirkus Reviews concluded its review stating that the book's 'unsettling racially charged characterizations are offset by messages of overcoming difference and working together. Fans of Bella's angst-drenched love triangle will gobble this entry up, and the open-ended conclusion paves the way for Jake's story to come.'[26]
Laura Buhl of About.com gave the novel a more mixed review, giving it 3.5 stars out of 5. She found 'the first several chapters stifled by issues of jealousy which are slow to develop', and said 'Meyer's new sources of conflict feel heavy-handed at some points and over-the-top at others.' Despite praising Meyer for uncannily understanding and writing the workings of the teenage mind, she noted that Bella is slow on the uptake of some obvious aspects of the plot. However, she went on to praise the final climatic battle for bringing plenty of thrills and excitement.[27] Novelist Elizabeth Hand wrote a negative review of the book for The Washington Post, calling it a 'disappointment' and criticizing it for 'never delivering an epic werewolf-bloodsucker smackdown', as well as for Bella remaining 'an insufferable bore'.[28]
The New York Times picked the book as an Editor's Choice.[29]
Film adaptation[edit]
A film adaptation of Eclipse was released on June 30, 2010.[3] It is the third installment of the Twilight film series, following 2008's Twilight and 2009's New Moon. Summit Entertainmentgreenlit the film in February 2009.[3] Since New Moon director Chris Weitz was in post-production for New Moon when Eclipse began shooting, he did not direct the third film.[30] Instead, Eclipse was helmed by director David Slade,[31] with Melissa Rosenberg returning as screenwriter.[32] Filming ran between August 17 and October 29, 2009 at Vancouver Film Studios.[33][34] It was the first and only Twilight film to be converted in IMAX.[35]
References[edit]
- ^Bob Minzesheimer (2007-08-15). 'Vampire tale takes bite out of 'Potter''. USA Today. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
- ^ abJeffrey A. Trachtenberg (2007-08-10). 'Booksellers Find Life After Harry In a Vampire Novel'. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
- ^ abcJoshua Rich (2009-02-20). ''Twilight': Third film in series, 'Eclipse,' set for June 2010'. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
- ^ abMeyer, Stephenie (April 2011). 'A Conversation with Shannon Hale, On Eclipse'. The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide. Little, Brown.
- ^ ab'Eclipse FAQ'. StephenieMeyer.com. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- ^Stephen Adams (August 28, 2009). 'Stephenie Meyer's vampire pushes Wuthering Heights to top of Waterstone's classics chart'. The Telegraph. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- ^StephenieMeyer.com | Twilight Series | Eclipse
- ^Stephenie Says - Q+A at Fairless Hills
- ^Hanh Nguyen (2010-04-02). ''Twilight: Eclipse' new book covers: Which is the best?'. Zap2It. Archived from the original on 2010-04-05. Retrieved 2010-04-09.
- ^Megan Irwin (2007-07-12). 'Charmed'. Phoenix New Times. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
- ^'Stephenie Meyer'. Waterstone's. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
- ^StephenieMeyer.com | Eclipse | Quotes of the Day
- ^ abCecelia Goodnow (2007-08-06). 'Stephenie Meyer's Forks-based saga of teen vampire love is now a global hit'. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
- ^Stephenie Meyer (2008-07-07). 'Breaking Dawn'. StephenieMeyer.com. Retrieved 2010-04-18.
- ^ ab'Eclipse Quiz'. ReelzChannel. Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2010-04-18.
- ^ ab'Important News!! Everyone Please Read!!'. Twilight Lexicon. 2007-07-25. Retrieved 2010-04-18.
- ^'Profile - Stephenie Meyer: the million-dollar vampire mom'. The Daily Telegraph. 2008-11-27. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
- ^[1] USA Today
- ^'USA TODAY's Best-Selling Books List Top 150 books of the last 15 years (Oct. 28, 1993 through Oct. 23, 2008)'. USA Today. 2008-10-30. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^'The top 100 titles of 2008'. USA Today. 2009-01-14. Retrieved 2009-09-22.
- ^'Best-Selling Books: The top 100 of 2009'. USA Today. January 6, 2010. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
- ^Anne Rouyer (2007-09-05). 'Eclipse'. School Library Journal. Archived from the original on 2008-12-17. Retrieved 2008-11-16.
- ^Katie Trattner (August 27, 2007). 'Book Review: Eclipse by Stephenie Meyer'. Blogcritics. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- ^Shelby Gibson-Boyce (2007-08-10). 'Free radical: J.K. who? Hottest new series is vamp fantasy'. Tulsa World. Archived from the original on 2008-12-17. Retrieved 2008-11-16.
- ^'Children's Books: Week of 8/20/2007'. Publishers Weekly. 2007-08-20. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
- ^'ECLIPSE By Stephenie Meyer'. Kirkus Reviews. September 15, 2007. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- ^Laura Buhl. ''Eclipse' by Stephenie Meyer - Book Review'. About.com. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
- ^Elizabeth Hand (August 10, 2008). 'Love Bites'. The Washington Post. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- ^'Browsing Books: Editor's Choice'. The New York Times. 2007-08-19. Retrieved 2011-01-31.
- ^Brandon Gray (2009-02-20). 'Third 'Twilight' Dawns Summer 2010'. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
- ^'David Slade To Direct 'The Twilight Saga: Eclipse''. Access Hollywood. 2009-04-23. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
- ^'David Slade to Direct Summit Entertainment's The Twilight Saga: Eclipse' (Press release). Summit Entertainment. 2009-04-22. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
- ^Adam Rosenberg (2009-06-30). ''The Twilight Saga: Eclipse' Shoot Dates Revealed!'. MTV. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
- ^Debi Moore (2009-10-29). 'Eclipse Wrapped, a Trio of New Moon Stills & Wallpaper, Twilight Returning to Theatres'. Dread Central. Dread Central Media, LLC. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- ^Amy Eisinger (2009-12-09). ''Eclipse,' third film in 'Twilight' series, is first to be converted to IMAX'. NY Daily News. Retrieved 2009-12-10.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Eclipse (Meyer novel) |
Isabella Marie Swan | |
---|---|
Twilight character | |
Bella Swan as portrayed by Kristen Stewart in New Moon. | |
First appearance | Twilight |
Last appearance | Breaking Dawn Midnight Sun (unpublished) |
Created by | Stephenie Meyer |
Portrayed by | Kristen Stewart Catherine Grimme (as a child) |
Information | |
Nickname | Bella Bells Bell Vampire girl (by Emily Young & Embry Call) Arizona (in films) |
Species | Human (Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse, Breaking Dawn) Vampire (Breaking Dawn) |
Gender | Female |
Occupation | Student (through Twilight to Eclipse) Employee at Newton's Olympic Outfitters (New Moon and Eclipse) |
Family | Charlie Swan (father) Renée Dwyer (mother) Phil Dwyer (stepfather) Carlisle Cullen (adoptive father-in-law) Esme Cullen (adoptive mother-in-law) Emmett Cullen and Jasper Hale (adoptive brothers-in-law) Alice Cullen and Rosalie Hale (adoptive sisters-in-law) |
Spouse | Edward Cullen (husband) |
Children | Renesmee Cullen (daughter) |
Nationality | American |
Isabella Marie 'Bella' Swan (later Bella Cullen) is a character and the protagonist of the Twilight novel series, written by Stephenie Meyer. The Twilight series, consisting of the novels Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse, and Breaking Dawn, is primarily narrated from Bella's point of view, but partway through Breaking Dawn it is written from the point of view of Jacob Black. In the film series, Bella is portrayed by actress Kristen Stewart.
In Twilight, Bella moves to her father's home in Forks, Washington, meets the mysterious Cullen family, and falls in love with Edward Cullen. However, she soon discovers that the family is a coven of vampires. Bella expresses a desire to become a vampire herself, but Edward refuses to 'turn' her. In the second novel, New Moon, Edward and the other Cullens leave Forks in an effort to keep Bella safe from the vampire world. Jacob Black, a member of the Quileute tribe who is also a shape shifter taking a wolf form, comforts the distraught and severely depressed Bella. She comes to care deeply for Jacob, though less than she loves Edward. At the end of Eclipse, Bella becomes engaged to Edward, and they marry in Breaking Dawn. On their honeymoon, she becomes pregnant by Edward and, due to the peculiar nature of her baby, Bella dies giving birth to their daughter, Renesmee Cullen. Edward turns Bella into a vampire to save her life.
- 2Appearances
- 3Characterization
Concept and creation[edit]
The premise for both the Bella Swan character and the Twilight series originated in a dream Stephenie Meyer had in which an 'average girl' and a 'fantastically beautiful, sparkly ... vampire ... were having an intense conversation in a meadow in the woods.' In this dream, the pair 'were discussing the difficulties inherent in the facts that ... they were falling in love with each other while ... the vampire was particularly attracted to the scent of her blood, and was having a difficult time restraining himself from killing her.'[1]
Meyer's original characters were unnamed; she took to calling the characters, who would later become Edward Cullen and Bella, 'he' and 'she' for the purpose of convenience as she, 'didn't want to lose the dream.' The name 'Isabella' was decided upon, Meyer explains, because 'after spending so much time with [the character], I loved her like a daughter. ... Inspired by that love, I gave her the name I was saving for my daughter,... Isabella.'[1]
Bella's positive reception at her new school in Forks, particularly her popularity with male characters, was modelled after Meyer's real life move from high school to college.[2] Meyer has said that there are similarities between Bella and the title character of Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre, a novel which she has cited as an influence on the Twilight series.[3]
Appearances[edit]
Twilight[edit]
Bella, who first appears in Twilight, is a 17-year-old girl, who moves out from her mother's home in Phoenix, Arizona, to live with her father, Charlie Swan, a police chief, in her birthplace of Forks, Washington. There, she is enrolled at Forks High School, where she becomes intrigued by a student, Edward Cullen and his family. When Edward saves her life, he exhibits super-human qualities. Bella learns from her family friend Jacob Black that Quileute legends say the Cullen family are Cold Ones.[4] Edward eventually admits he's a vampire, though his family have what they call a 'vegetarian' diet-only hunting animals.[5] Edward constantly warns Bella against being with him, perceiving her life to be at constant risk if she continues to associate with him, because the scent of her blood is more powerful to him than that of any other human he has ever met. Bella's love and confidence in Edward's restraint is such that his warnings go unheeded, and while playing baseball with the Cullen family, she becomes the target of a sadistic vampire, James. Edward is able to save Bella from James' predations, though Edward is still unwilling to change Bella into a vampire himself.[6]
New Moon[edit]
New Moon begins on Bella's eighteenth birthday. She dreams of looking much older than Edward Cullen, her boyfriend. During a birthday celebration at the Cullen residence, Bella gets a small paper cut while unwrapping a present. Edward's brother, Jasper, instinctively thirsting for her blood, attacks Bella before Edward and Emmett restrain him. In a misguided attempt to protect Bella, Edward moves away with his family. Edward's departure results in Bella being depressed and isolated for months.
![Twilight Twilight](https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/51CS7OqAk2L._AC_UL320_SR232,320_.jpg)
To appease her worried father, Bella attends a movie with her school friend, Jessica. While there, she carelessly approaches a group of dangerous-looking men outside a bar, and discovers she can hear Edward's voice when her adrenaline runs high. Desperate to hear his voice again, Bella continually seeks out danger by convincing Jacob to repair two old motorcycles and teach her how to ride. Their friendship increases, and Jacob admits that he has romantic feelings for Bella, though she does not reciprocate them. When a vampire named Laurent tries to attack her, Bella is saved by a pack of wolves. Later, Bella learns that Jacob and other tribe members are shape shifters who phase into wolf form to protect humans from vampires. Bella also discovers that the vampire, Victoria, has returned to Forks, seeking to kill Bella to avenge her mate, James' death.
To hear Edward's voice, Bella attempts cliff jumping and nearly drowns, but she is saved by Jacob. Edward, after mistakenly being informed by Jacob that Bella has committed suicide, travels to Volterra, Italy, to request the Volturi to destroy him. Alice returns to Forks and discovers Bella is still alive, and the funeral she envisioned was really Harry Clearwater's funeral after his death from a heart attack. Alice and Bella pursue Edward to Italy and successfully prevent him from showing himself in daylight to humans, an act that would result in his execution. The trio are taken to the Volturi. Because Bella knows about vampires, the Volturi would either killer her or have her become a vampire herself. Alice shows Aro a vision of Bella and Edward as vampires, and they're free to leave. Upon returning home, Edward tells Bella that he never stopped loving her, and he only left Forks, because he thought it would protect her. Edward promises to never leave Bella's side ever again. Bella, intent on becoming a vampire, decides that Edward's family should vote on her fate. Only Rosalie and Edward say no, but Edward agrees to change her himself if she will marry him.[7]
Eclipse[edit]
Eclipse continues the drama of Bella and Edward's relationship. Edward explains that he is reluctant to change Bella into a vampire, because he believes that vampires are soulless creatures, who have no place in heaven. Bella, whose opinion of marriage is jaded by her own parents' early divorce, agrees to marry Edward on the condition that he will make love to her while she is still human and then turn her into a vampire. Edward initially refuses, saying that he could easily lose control in the heat of the moment and unintentionally kill her. He also reminds Bella that he's from another era, where relationships had fewer complications, and agrees to make love to her after marrying her.
The plot is driven by the machinations of the vampire Victoria, who first encountered Bella and the Cullens during the first novel, Twilight. Victoria, seeking to avenge her lover, James' death, hunts Bella while building a new vampire army. To combat this threat, a reluctant truce is struck between the Cullen family, and the shape shifting wolf pack led by Sam Uley and Jacob Black, who pits himself against Edward as a love interest for Bella. Bella considers Jacob only as a friend, but despite her engagement to Edward, she shares a kiss with him, and realizes that she loves him, too, but loves Edward more. Bella acknowledges that Edward is the most important person in her life, and knows she has to tell her father.[8]
Breaking Dawn[edit]
Breaking Dawn begins with the wedding of Bella and Edward at the Cullen home. They spend their honeymoon on Isle Esme, a small island off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil that was given to Esme as a gift from Carlisle. They make love, but their lovemaking sparks a conflict between the newlywed couple: Edward is horrified that he has bruised Bella, but she insists that she is fine and wants Edward to make love to her again. Although he vows not to do so again while she is still human, he eventually gives in.
Two weeks later, Bella becomes very sick, and realizes that she is pregnant. Edward is shocked and rushes Bella home to see Carlisle, who is a doctor. He confirms that she's pregnant, and Bella's health deteriorates from the baby's accelerated growth. Edward tries to talk her into having an abortion to save her own life. Bella refuses, and asks Rosalie to act as her bodyguard, as she feels a bond with her unborn child, and insists on giving birth. Soon, Edward comes to love the baby as well, after he hears its thoughts, and learns that the baby loves Bella in return, and doesn't mean to hurt her.
Bella undergoes a cesarean section, and nearly dies, but Edward successfully delivers their daughter, Renesmee. He then uses a special needle to inject his venom into Bella's heart, and bites her neck, arms, and legs. During Bella's transformation, Jacob imprints —an involuntary process in which a shape-shifter finds his soulmate — on their baby, Renesmee.
After a vampire named Irina mistakes Renesmee for an immortal vampire child (a creation that is forbidden in the vampire world), Alice foresees the Volturi will arrive to destroy the Cullen family as punishment for the alleged transgression. The Cullen family find witnesses to observe the mortality of Renesmee. Bella learns she's a shield and learns to shield people from other's mental thoughts and senses. Edward stands with Bella and their allies to convince the Volturi that Renesmee is not an immortal child, and poses no threat to their existence. Once the Volturi leave, Edward and Bella are finally free to live their lives in peace with their daughter forever.[9]
Characterization[edit]
Physical appearance[edit]
Bella is described as being petite, with a height of roughly 5'4', and a very translucent, pale complexion. She has thick, long, brown hair, with a wide forehead, and a widows peak. Her eyes are described as being 'chocolate brown' and widely spaced. She has a small, thin nose, prominent cheekbones, lips a bit too full for her slim jawline, and thin eyebrows that are straighter than they are arched. Her fingernails described as stubby from being bitten down.
The scent of her O negative blood is incredibly attractive to vampires, described by Bree Tanner to be the 'sweetest scent she'd ever smelled', though it is a thousand times more intense to Edward Cullen.
As for distinguishing features, Bella has a small crescent-shaped scar on her hand where she was bitten by James, a tracker vampire, in Twilight. The scar is described as being pale, always a few degrees colder than the rest of her body, and it shines like a vampire's skin when exposed to the sunlight. After Bella is changed into a vampire by Edward, she becomes extremely beautiful with even paler skin, straight waist-length hair, and crimson red eyes that will eventually turn gold after months of drinking animal blood. Her features are also heightened and perfected by the transformation.
Bella wears plain shirts, jeans, and sneakers for everywhere she goes, as she lacks care in her appearance.
Personality[edit]
Bella is described as being clumsy, having a weak constitution, being nonathletic and hating anything physical. Bella is also described as a reclusive loner, insecure, and very sensitive. She also cares for the rest of the Cullen family, her father Charlie and mother Renée, and her friend Jacob Black. She has a tendency to underestimate the people around her mainly because of her concerns for their safety.
Having learned to take care of her mother over the years and being naturally responsible, Bella had developed into a very mature person, especially for her age. She mostly prefers to spend her free time reading classics from school.
When it comes to fashion, Bella is not traditionally feminine. She hates dressing up, saying that makeup 'is a pain' and that she feels uncomfortable in impractical, elegant clothes; however, Alice does not care what Bella thinks and continues to persuade her to dress up and look glamorous. She is not materialistic and does not like spending money on luxurious items, telling Edward in New Moon 'not to spend a dime on [her] birthday,' and that fast cars are unnecessary, saying that Edward gave her himself and anything else he gives her would throw their relationship off balance. She hates being singled out, and does not like her birthday being celebrated. She also has very negative views on teen marriage due to her parents' early experience, but learns to overcome them later.
She is an extremely private person who keeps her thoughts and feelings to herself and hates when someone tries to understand her, which is thought to be why Edward is unable to hear her thoughts. She is also known to be incredibly stubborn with herself, because of her determination to become a vampire in order to be with Edward forever. She is also said to possess poor acting skills. Ironically, she demonstrates good acting ability in Twilight when she makes her father believe that she has dumped Edward and is leaving Forks. She is a very reserved girl with a stiff uptight position, habit of biting her lip, which she shares with Kristen Stewart. Bella knits together her eyebrows when feeling strong emotions such as nervousness. As a human, Bella easily fainted at the sight or smell of blood, which she said smells like rust and salt in Twilight, though it changes after she became a vampire. Bella is also shown in Breaking Dawn, to have a good mood climate, and is able to run away from the smell of human blood when she goes on her first hunting trip as a vampire.
Bella has a sarcastic sense of humor, especially when she gets mad; Bella is almost always a very soft and forgiving person who is hard to anger. She can surprisingly be very brave, able to block painful thoughts and memories (hence her special vampire ability), and tends to come face-to-face with life-threatening danger head-on, even though she can get scared later. She puts Edward before herself and everybody and everything else, but several 'selfish' tendencies emerge (as when she asked Edward to stay with her instead of fighting vampires in Eclipse). Meyer has stated that Bella's 'tragic flaw' in Eclipse is her lack of self-knowledge. This is most obviously illustrated in her consistent denial of any romantic feelings for Jacob Black, despite the fact that she later realizes that she is, indeed, in love with him.
Bella is also a very bad liar except to herself. According to Eclipse, Jacob and Edward saying that she's a terrible liar, are evidence to this. Besides, she also admits this throughout the whole saga, though she seemingly manages to lie to herself about her romantic feelings for Jacob.
In contrary to her low profile demeanor, Bella, according to Edward in Midnight Sun, has no sense of fear when she finds out Edward is a vampire. Instead of running away, as she should have, she decides to ask lots of questions with extreme curiosity. This makes Edward believe that it is not bad luck that follows her around, but that she has no sense of self-preservation. Bella isn't very rational nor sensible as she lacks common sense and street intelligence.
She hates anything cold and wet, even snow, which is why she initially hated to live in Forks. However, after meeting Edward, she found the town much more comfortable, even calling it 'home'. As a vampire, she also dislikes the idea of feeding on humans, but is glad to have found the strength she needed to protect her loved ones.
Bella inherited her mother's high perceptiveness to some degree, as she was able to guess Edward was a mind reader, the first human to do so. However, she was not able to guess that Edward was in love with her.
After being turned into a vampire, she describes having a much clearer view of the world. She is also very self-controlled, being able to ignore the scent of human blood on her first hunting trip. Bella's private mind that was able to repel some vampires' mental abilities while she was human evolved after she became a vampire; her skill strengthened, allowing her to shield herself and those around her from other vampires' mental gifts. By the end of Breaking Dawn, she is able to cast the shield away from herself. She is also described by Edward as 'very graceful', even for a vampire, in comparison to her earlier clumsiness.
Film portrayal[edit]
In the film adaptations, Bella is portrayed by actress Kristen Stewart.[10] Meyer stated that she was 'very excited' to see Stewart play the part and that she was 'thrilled to have a Bella who has practice [in a vast array of film genres]', since, according to Meyer, Twilight has moments that fit into many genres.[11] Stewart wears contact lenses in the films in order to achieve a chocolate brown eye color as described in the books.[12]
Reception[edit]
Bella has received a generally negative reception from critics. Publishers Weekly states that, after her transformation into a vampire, 'it's almost impossible to identify with her' in Breaking Dawn.[13] Lilah Lohr of the Chicago Tribune compares Bella's character to the story of the Quileute wolves and describes it as 'less satisfying.'[14] During Twilight, Kirkus Reviews stated that 'Bella's appeal is based on magic rather than character', but that her and Edward's 'portrayal of dangerous lovers hits the spot'.[15] In the review of New Moon, Kirkus Reviews said that Bella's personality was 'flat and obsessive'.[16] Laura Miller of salon.com said, in regards to Edward and Bella, 'neither of them has much personality to speak of.'[17]Entertainment Weekly's Jennifer Reese, in her review of Breaking Dawn noted, in regard to Bella, 'You may wish she had loftier goals and a mind of her own, but these are fairy tales, and as a steadfast lover in the Disney Princess mold, Bella has a certain saccharine appeal', and that during Bella's pregnancy 'she is not only hard to identify with but positively horrifying, especially while guzzling human blood to nourish the infant.'[18]Washington Post journalist Elizabeth Hand noted how Bella was often described as breakable and that 'Edward's habit of constantly pulling her onto his lap or having her ride on his back further emphasize her childlike qualities', continuing to write that 'the overall effect is a weird infantilization that has repellent overtones to an adult reader and hardly seems like an admirable model to foist upon our daughters (or sons).'[19] Gina Dalfonzo, in an article posted on the National Review website, calls Bella 'self-deprecating' before her transformation into a vampire, and afterwards she is 'insufferably vain'.[20] Dalfonzo also states that Bella gets what she wants and discovers her worth 'by giving up her identity and throwing away nearly everything in life that matters.'[20]
References[edit]
- ^ ab'The Story Behind Twilight'. Stepheniemeyer.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
- ^'Bella's Move to Another High School'. Stepheniemeyer.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
- ^Karen Valby (November 5, 2008). 'Stephenie Meyer: 12 of My 'Twilight' Inspirations'. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
- ^Meyer, Stephenie (2005). Twilight. Park Avenue, New York City, United States of America: Little, Brown. p. 126. ISBN978-0-316-01584-4.
Blood drinkers,' he replied in a chilling voice. 'Your people call them vampires.
- ^Meyer, Stephenie (2005). Twilight. Park Avenue, New York City, United States of America: Little, Brown. p. 337. ISBN978-0-316-01584-4.
One night, a herd of deer passed his hiding place. He was so wild with thirst, that he attacked without thought. His strength returned and he realized there was an alternative to being the vile monster he feared.
- ^Meyer, Stephenie (2005). Twilight. Park Avenue, New York City, United States of America: Little, Brown. p. 475. ISBN978-0-316-01584-4.
Exactly', he [Edward] snapped. 'And I won't end it [life] for you [Bella].
- ^Meyer, Stephenie. (2006) New Moon. 563pp.
- ^Meyer, Stephenie. (2007) Eclipse. 629pp.
- ^Meyer, Stephenie. (2008) Breaking Dawn. 756pp.
- ^'Kristen Stewart chosen'. MTV. Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^'Excitement Towards Stewart's role'. Stephenie Meyer. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^Sullivan, Kevin (10 November 2011). 'ROBERT PATTINSON RELISHES KRISTEN STEWART'S CONTACT-LENS DISCOMFORT'. MTV News. Archived from the original on 8 March 2019. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
- ^'Breaking Dawn: Stephenie Meyer, Author'. Publisher's Weekly.
- ^'Chicago Tribune Breaking Dawn review'. Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on August 8, 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
- ^'Twilight at Kirkus Reviews'. Kirkus Reviews. Archived from the original on 8 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
- ^'New Moon at Kirkus Reviews'. Kirkus Reviews. Archived from the original on 8 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
- ^'Twilight series at salon.com'. Salon.com. Archived from the original on 8 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
- ^'Entertainment Weekly Breaking Dawn review'. Entertainment Weekly. 2008-08-08. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^Hand, Elizabeth (2008-08-10). 'Washington Post Review'. Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ ab'National Review'. National Review. Archived from the original on 26 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-22.
External links[edit]
- Bella Swan on Facebook